Using Crater Lake chemistry to predict volcanic activity at Poás Volcano, Costa Rica

Rowe, Gary L.; Ohsawa, Shinji; Takano, Bokuichiro; Brantley, Susan L.; Fernández, José; Barquero, Jorge

doi:10.1007/bf00301395

Cited by 120 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This was attributed to an increase in SO 2 /H 2 S ratio of the underlying fumaroles. A similar decrease in polythionate concentration in lake waters was reported at Poás volcano 3 months before an eruption in 1987, following a 7-year period of quiescence (Rowe et al, 1992). The increase in sulfate concentrations in the lake water was attributed to polythionatebreakdown reactions in the lake waters.…”

Section: Crater Lakes As Sensitive Indicators Of S Viscositysupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Tongariro (New Zealand) in 2012 (Procter et al, 2014). The waters of crater-lake at Poás volcano (Costa Rica) showed a similar "cyclic" behavior since 1978, attributed to the episodic release of heat and volatiles, either due to the fracturing of the upper margin of a shallow andesitic magma body, or to the upward migration of fresh magma (Rowe et al, 1992). At Ruapehu Hurst et al (1991) explained the periodic variations in the lake temperature with S-pools following pure S e viscosity: temperature profiles that respond to changes in gas temperature/output from the underlying magma.…”

Section: Crater Lakes As Sensitive Indicators Of S Viscositymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pure sulfur viscosity is highly temperature dependent, but also extremely sensitive to the presence of impurities (Bacon and Fanelli, 1943;Meyer, 1976). This has been noted in volcanic settings (Takano, 1987;Rowe et al, 1992;Takano et al, 1994), but not followed up. Experiments carried out in the early 1940's (Bacon and Fanelli, 1943) showed that organic material, trivalent elements, ammonia, halogens, or the exposure to certain gases (e.g., H 2 S), almost always lead to lower viscosities on heating than for the pure S e case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Idiosyncrasies of Volcanic Sulfur Viscosity and the Triggering of Unheralded Volcanic Eruptions

Scolamacchia¹,

Cronin

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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Unheralded "blue-sky" eruptions from dormant volcanoes cause serious fatalities, such as at Mt. Ontake (Japan) on 27 September 2014. Could these events result from magmatic gas being trapped within hydrothermal system aquifers by elemental sulfur (S e ) clogging pores, due to sharp increases in its viscosity when heated above 159 • C? This mechanism was thought to prime unheralded eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu in New Zealand. Impurities in sulfur (As, Te, Se) are known to modify S-viscosity and industry experiments showed that organic compounds, H 2 S, and halogens dramatically influence S e viscosity under typical hydrothermal heating/cooling rates and temperature thresholds. However, the effects of complex sulfur compositions are currently ignored at volcanoes, despite its near ubiquity in long-lived volcano-hydrothermal systems. Changes in S-viscosity, leading to system sealing and sudden failure, can potentially occur at other volcanoes worldwide, including calderas, not only during phreatic eruptions. Models of impure S behavior must be urgently formulated to detect pre-eruptive warning signs before the next "blue-sky" eruption.

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Section: Crater Lakes As Sensitive Indicators Of S Viscositysupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Crater Lakes As Sensitive Indicators Of S Viscositymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Idiosyncrasies of Volcanic Sulfur Viscosity and the Triggering of Unheralded Volcanic Eruptions

Scolamacchia¹,

Cronin

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The most acidic pH values reported for environmental samples known to the authors are HCl-H 2SO4 hot springs near Ebeko volcano with estimated pH as low as -1.7 (6,7), the HCl-HF fumarolic condensates from Kilauea Iki estimated to have a pH ) -0. 3 (8), the lake waters from Poas crater, Costa Rica with an estimated pH of -0.89 (9,10), and the acid crater lake of Kawah Ijen on the island of Java with estimated pH values in the range of 0.02-0.2 (11). Low values of pH for pore waters in sulfidic tailings and acid mine waters issuing from metal sulfide deposits have been reported in the range of 0.1-2.1 (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative pH and Extremely Acidic Mine Waters from Iron Mountain, California

Nordstrom

Alpers

Ptacek

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

468

237

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Extremely acidic mine waters with pH values as low as -3.6, total dissolved metal concentrations as high as 200 g/L, and sulfate concentrations as high as 760 g/L, have been encountered underground in the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, CA. These are the most acidic waters known. The pH measurements were obtained by using the Pitzer method to define pH for calibration of glass membrane electrodes. The calibration of pH below 0.5 with glass membrane electrodes becomes strongly nonlinear but is reproducible to a pH as low as -4. Numerous efflorescent minerals were found forming from these acid waters. These extreme acid waters were formed primarily by pyrite oxidation and concentration by evaporation with minor effects from aqueous ferrous iron oxidation and efflorescent mineral formation.

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“…1). El crá-ter principal, de forma subcónica irregular y con un diámetro de 1,3 km y 320 m de profundidad, presenta dos particularidades: (a) una laguna áci-da (pH=0) de unos 300 m de diámetro, con una temperatura entre 30 y 60º C, cuyo volumen, temperatura y propiedades químicas varían con el régimen pluviométrico y la actividad volcáni-ca (Brown et al, 1989;Rowe et al, 1992aRowe et al, , 1992b y (b) un domo situado al sureste de la laguna. Este domo se eleva 40 m sobre la laguna y se formó durante la erupción freatomagmática y magmática de 1953de -1954de (Casertano et al, 1985de , 1987Rowe et al, 1992a).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Emisión difusa de hidrógeno en el Volcán Poás, Costa Rica

Melián

Galindo

Pérez

et al. 2011

Rev. Geol. Amér. Central

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ABSTRACT:We report the results of the study of diffuse H 2 emission from Poás volcano, Costa Rica. Three surveys were carried out in 2000, 2001 and 2002, to investigate soil H 2 distribution in and around Poás summit crater and to evaluate diffuse H 2 emission as a potential geochemical tool for the Poás volcano monitoring program. Soil H 2 contents showed a wide range of concentrations from 0.4 to 7,059 ppmV. Most of the study area showed low levels of H 2 in the soil atmosphere, and the highest values of soil gas H 2 were just observed inside the summit crater of Poás volcano for the 2001 and 2002 surveys. These surface geochemical changes coincide with an increase of the fumarolic activity as well as soil temperature rose inside the crater during this study. The results here reported suggest changes in the Poás volcanic-hydrothermal system, therefore monitoring diffuse H 2 emission could be useful for the volcanic surveillance of Poás volcano.Keywords: Poás volcano, hydrogen, diffuse emission, volcano surveillance, main crater, fumaroles, volcanichydrothermal system. RESUMEN:Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del estudio de las emanaciones difusas de H 2 en el volcán Poás, Costa Rica. Este estudio ha implicado la realización de tres campañas en los años 2000, 2001 y 2002, con la finalidad de investigar la distribución espacial de la concentración de H 2 en el gas del suelo y evaluar la desgasificación difusa de esta especie como una herramienta geoquímica para el programa de vigilancia volcánica del Poás. Las concentraciones de H 2 en el gas del suelo medidas presentan un amplio rango de valores que van desde 0,4 a 7059 ppmV. La mayor parte del área de estudio reflejó contenidos relativamente bajos de H 2 en el gas del suelo, mientras que las concentraciones más altas se midieron en el interior del cráter principal durante los años 2001 y 2002. Desde la campaña del 2001 se ha observado un aumento relativo del contenido de H 2 en el gas del suelo del interior del cráter principal, coincidiendo en el tiempo con un incremento de la actividad fumarólica y de la temperatura en los suelos. Estos resultados pueden indicar la existencia de cambios en el sistema volcánico-hidrotermal del Poás, por lo que el monitoreo de las emanaciones difusas de H 2 podría ser útil para mejorar el programa de vigilancia volcánica.Palabras clave: Volcán Poás, hidrógeno, emisión difusa, vigilancia volcánica, cráter principal, fumarolas, sistema volcánico-hidrotermal.

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Using Crater Lake chemistry to predict volcanic activity at Poás Volcano, Costa Rica

Cited by 120 publications

References 21 publications

Idiosyncrasies of Volcanic Sulfur Viscosity and the Triggering of Unheralded Volcanic Eruptions

Idiosyncrasies of Volcanic Sulfur Viscosity and the Triggering of Unheralded Volcanic Eruptions

Negative pH and Extremely Acidic Mine Waters from Iron Mountain, California

Emisión difusa de hidrógeno en el Volcán Poás, Costa Rica

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