Using computed tomography scans to develop an бex-vivo�� gastric model

Abstract

The objective of this research was to use abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans to non-invasively quantify anthropometrical data of the human stomach and to concomitantly create an anatomically correct and distensible ex-vivo gastric model. Thirty-three abdominal CT scans of human subjects were obtained and were imported into reconstruction software to generate 3D models of the stomachs. Anthropometrical data such as gastric wall thickness, gastric surface area and gastric volume were subsequently quantified. A representative 3D computer model was exported into a selective laser sintering (SLS) rapid prototyping machine to create an anatomically correct solid gastric model. Subsequently, a replica wax template of the SLS model was created. A negative mould was offset around the wax template such that the offset distance was equivalent to that of the gastric wall thickness. A silicone with similar mechanical properties to the human stomach was poured into the offset. The lost wax manufacturing technique was employed to create a hollow distensible stomach model. 3D computer gastric models were generated from the CT scans. A hollow distensible silicone ex-vivo gastric model with similar compliance to that of the human stomach was created. The anthropometrical data indicated that there is no significant relationship between BMI and gastric surface area or gastric volume. There were inter- and intra-group differences between groups with respect to gastric wall thickness. This study demonstrates that abdominal CT scans can be used to both non-invasively determine gastric anthropometrical data as well as create realistic ex-vivo stomach models.

Determination of the Relationship Between Gastric Wall Thickness and Body Mass Index with Endoscopic Ultrasound

“…Burgos et al compared the size and volume of bariatric surgery patients' stomachs to autopsy specimens of normal controls and found no difference between the two groups [11]. This is further supported by Henry et al who showed no difference in gastric thickness in those with BMI>25 to those with BMI<25 [4]. The results of the present study suggest that no significant correlation exists between gastric wall thickness and body mass index.…”

“…CT evaluation of the thickness of the gastric wall demonstrated an average thickness of 5.0 mm in the antrum of the stomach and 2.0 mm at the anterior wall of the gastric body [3]. More recently, Henry et al [4] used CT imaging with 3D reconstruction of images to compare the thickness of the gastric wall in those with normal BMI (17-25) to those with high BMI (25-40). Mean gastric wall thickness varied between 2.35 mm and 5.43 mm with no significant difference found between the two groups.…”

X-ray computed tomography and additive manufacturing in medicine: a review

“…The proportion of papers presented on medical modelling fell in comparison to those focussed on direct implant production or XCT inspection and metrology, but a large number of studies furthered research during this time, a selection of which can be seen in references [1,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. This period showed a prevalence of the use of XCT in the design of various implants, summarised in a paper that detailed recent advances in production of tissue-engineering scaffolds [45].…”

Comparison and Analysis of Inter-Subject Variability of Simulated Magnetic Activity Generated from Gastric Electrical Activity

“…This thickness was an average value derived from the literatures. 12,13 The wall was then divided into five layers to represent the alternating smooth muscle and layers of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). A high resolution trilinear finite element mesh was then embedded within the elements of the geometric mesh 9,16 to create computational points at the element vertices.…”

“…As mentioned previously, this figure was obtained as average value derived from the literatures. The thickness of human stomachs in vivo has been examined by Henry et al 12 and Huh et al 13 For measurements, they used CT and endoscopic ultrasound, respectively, and five or six points were selected at each of multiple transverse slices of the stomach. From their data, they determined the total stomach wall thickness to be 2.35-5.43 mm.…”