Using Commutative Assessments to Compare Conceptual Understanding in Blocks-based and Text-based Programs

Pedagogical Uses of Thymio II: How Do Teachers Perceive Educational Robots in Formal Education?

“…There are two main approaches: text and graphical programming [14]. Graphical programming is considered to be best suited for beginners, while text programming is more flexible and powerful.…”

“…Graphical programming is considered to be best suited for beginners, while text programming is more flexible and powerful. The most well known graphical programming environments, besides the LEGO one, are Scratch and Blockly [14].…”

Lessons in combining block-based and textual programming

“…One facet of the study involved student performance over different concepts and modalities [52], having been exposed to both graphical Snap! and textual Java across the course and completing commutative assessments with parallel questions.…”

How block-based languages support novices: A Framework for categorizing block-based affordances

“…Work looking at the relationship between signs (or more broadly representations) and cognition has delineated the particularities of how representations are bound up with knowledge, learning, tasks and uses [1,11,12,[14][15][16]. Similar work focusing on the design of programming languages has shown how various features of the representation, be they visual [17,18], semantic [19], or syntactic [20], all influence the ease of use of the resulting language.…”