Using colloidal lignin intercalated montmorillonite nanosheets as synergistic and reinforced agent for flame‐retardant poly(butylene succinate) composites

Abstract

Lignin/montmorillonite (LM) nanocomposites were fabricated via intercalating lignin colloid particles into the layer space of montmorillonite (MMT), and used as a synergistic agent to prepare flame-retardant poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites with the incorporation of intumescent flame retardants (IFR). Using lignin colloidal nanoparticles with the particle size ranged from several to about 100 nm formed under alkali condition, the layer spacing of MMT could be exfoliated and expanded to a considerable extent. The obtained LM nanocomposites could disperse with a uniform status in PBS matrix by melt compounding. Thus, strengthened mechanical performance of composites could be achieved via replacing partial loading of IFR by LM. Besides, due to the synergetic effect between IFR and LM, the flame-retardant properties of composites were enhanced when they were combined with an appropriate ratio. Typically, when IFR and LM loadings were 22 and 3 wt%, respectively, the tensile strength of 75P/22I/3LM increased by 24.73% in comparison with that of composite only prepared by IFR(75P/25I). Simultaneously, 36.5% of limited oxygen index (LOI) value and UL-94 V0 rate for 75P/22I/3LM could also be achieved. TG-IR analysis indicated that the addition of lignin increased the amount of inert gas generated. A carbonaceous silicate layer could be formed by MMT and lignin under the catalytic effect of APP, resulting in the increase of char residue after combustion.Cone calorimeter analysis demonstrated that the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of 75P/22I/3LM decreased by 57.4%, 28.7% and 33.8% compared with pure PBS, respectively.

Effect of the combined addition of ultrasonicated kraft lignin and montmorillonite on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bionanocomposites

“…Other authors have also reported the expansion of interlayer spacing of montmorillonite caused by lignin or other macromolecular organic compounds with amphiphilic property, which reduce the interaction force of free hydrated ions in montmorillonite sheets and increase the d-spacing by the action of ion dipoles. 25,26 Furthermore, Yue et al 27 reported that this expansion could be extended until a complete dispersion of exfoliated montmorillonite in the polymer matrix in the presence of alkali lignin in alkaline conditions. The exfoliation of montmorillonite could be the reason of the disappearance of most of the XRD diffraction peaks ascribed to montmorillonite in MMT-lignin hybrids (Fig.…”

Improving fire behavior and smoke suppression of flame‐retardant PBS composites using lignin chelate as carbonization agent and catalyst

“…Then the grafting ratio (GR) was calculated from the N element content according to literature. 20 GR was calculated according to Equation (1) and Equation (2).…”

“…Among these biopolymers, polybutylene succinate (PBS), a succinic acid based biodegradable aliphatic polyester, has recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional fossil plastics due to its excellent biodegradability, ease of processing, good flexibility, and mechanical performance comparable to traditional plastics such as polypropylene 1 . PBS has already been widely used in many fields, such as agricultural films, biomedical materials, packing, and injection‐molded products 2 . More important is that PBS is expected to be ''all green'' in the future since the monomers can be obtained facilely by bacterial fermentation 3 .…”

“…1 PBS has already been widely used in many fields, such as agricultural films, biomedical materials, packing, and injection-molded products. 2 More important is that PBS is expected to be ''all green'' in the future since the monomers can be obtained facilely by bacterial fermentation. 3 However, the inherent flammability and melt dripping upon burning extremely restrict the potential application of PBS, especially in foaming products, packing, and electric and electronic fields.…”

Synergistic effect of carbon nanotube on improving thermal stability, flame retardancy and electrical conductivity of poly(butylene succinate)/piperazine pyrophosphate composites

“…Recently biodegradable polymers have attracted intensive attention, because they have been regarded as an excellent resolution to "white pollution" caused by nondegradable plastics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. As one of the most promising biodegradable polymers, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) has outstanding advantages on biodegradability, thermal properties, and thermoplastic processability [11][12][13][14][15]. However, its inherent flammability and low electrical conductivity have greatly limited its large-scale applications.…”