Using cognitive work analysis to explore activity allocation within military domains

Jenkins, Daniel P.; Stanton, Neville A.; Salmon, Paul M.; Walker, Guy H.; Young, Mark S.

doi:10.1080/00140130801915246

Cited by 73 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The WDA output, therefore, suggested that MPS training should focus initially on the missionplanning process and then on the MPS functions that support the process, rather than focus primarily on the MPS software tool. The means-ends links specified, and the Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 525 structure of the AH, were used to form the basis for training lesson sequencing and teaching structure, which, in turn, has led to a more activity-focused teaching structure, as opposed to the current application-focused training (Jenkins et al 2008c). The descriptions provided by the two approaches and the ways in which they were used in this case are presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical task analysis vs. cognitive work analysis: comparison of theory, methodology and contribution to system design

Salmon

Jenkins²,

Stanton

et al. 2010

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

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The cognitive work analysis framework continues to attract increasing attention from the human factors and ergonomics community. Conversely, hierarchical task analysis has been, and remains, the most popular of all human factors and ergonomics methods. This article compares the two approaches in terms of their theoretical underpinning, methodological approach and potential contributions to system design and evaluation. To do this, recent analyses, involving both approaches, of a military rotary wing mission planning software tool are compared and contrasted in terms of their methodological procedure and analysis outputs. The findings indicate that, despite the very different theoretical and methodological nature of the two approaches, and also the entirely different analyses derived, the two methods provide highly complementary outputs. In conclusion, it is argued that there is benefit in applying both approaches to inform the design and/or evaluation of the same product or system.Keywords: cognitive work analysis; hierarchical task analysis; mission planning; human factors methods IntroductionOut of the abundance of human factors and cognitive engineering methods available, hierarchical task analysis (HTA; Annett et al. 1971) and cognitive work analysis (CWA; Vicente 1999a) are arguably the most popular. The former represents the traditional task analytic approach; the latter represents the more modern system design framework. Both approaches have distinct theoretical underpinnings and approach the analysis of systems in quite different ways, yet they are often discussed in the same breath. It is important to clarify what the theoretical and methodological differences between the two are and, even more so, to identify if, and how, the two approaches can be used in tandem during complex system design and evaluation efforts (Hajdukiewicz and Vicente 2004). This article presents a comparison of the two approaches in terms of their theoretical underpinning, methodological procedure and contribution to the system design life cycle. To do this the methods are first discussed in terms of their theoretical underpinning and methodological nature, following which recent HTA and CWA analyses of a military rotary wing mission planning system (MPS) software tool are compared and contrasted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ahlstrom 2005), tender evaluation (Lintern andNaikar 2000, Naikar andSanderson 2001), team design , allocation of functions (e.g. Jenkins et al 2008c), the development of human performance measures (e.g. Yu et al 2002, Crone et al 2003 and error management strategy design (Naikar and Saunders 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical task analysis vs. cognitive work analysis: comparison of theory, methodology and contribution to system design

Salmon

Jenkins²,

Stanton

et al. 2010

Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The framework guides the analyst through the process of answering the question of why the system exists, what activities can be conducted within the domain as well as how this activity can be achieved and who can perform them, identifying competencies required. CWA has been applied in a variety of domains including the military (Jenkins et al, 2008;McIlroy and Stanton, 2011;Stanton and Bessell, 2014), driving (Cornelissen et al, 2013(Cornelissen et al, , 2014, aviation (Ahlstrom, 2005;Plant, 2010, 2011), rail and nuclear power plants (Walker et al, 2014) and has seen a range of applications including system modelling, training needs analysis, interface design and requirements specification (Walker et al, 2014).…”

Section: The Work Domain Analysis Phase Of Cognitive Work Analysis (Cwa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending helicopter operations to meet future integrated transportation needs

et al. 2016

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Helicopters have the potential to be an integral part of the future transport system. They offer a means of rapid transit in an overly populated transport environment. However, one of the biggest limitations on rotary wing flight is their inability to fly in degraded visual conditions in the critical phases of approach and landing. This paper presents a study that developed and evaluated a Head up Display (HUD) to assist rotary wing pilots by extending landing to degraded visual conditions. The HUD was developed with the assistance of the Cognitive Work Analysis method as an approach for analysing the cognitive work of landing the helicopter. The HUD was tested in a fixed based flight simulator with qualified helicopter pilots. A qualitative analysis to assess situation awareness and workload found that the HUD enabled safe landing in degraded conditions whilst simultaneously enhancing situation awareness and reducing workload. Continued development in this area has the potential to extend the operational capability of helicopters in the future.

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“…In recent works, as people have tried to develop social organisational analyses for their work domains, a wide variety of different approaches have been used. For example, Hajdukiewicz et al (2001) modelled work domain regions to show where individuals needed to collaborate, Durugbo (2012) explored how to use CWA for enhancing collaboration in organisations, Naikar, Moylan, and Pearce (2006) modelled team activity, Jenkins, Stanton, Salmon, et al (2008) and Jenkins, Stanton, Walker, et al (2008) used a range of different models, and Stanton et al (2013) took a highly integrated approach. It became apparent in reviewing this work that a single model for social organisational analysis may not exist or may not be appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using team cognitive work analysis to reveal healthcare team interactions in a birthing unit

et al. 2014

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Cognitive work analysis (CWA) as an analytical approach for examining complex sociotechnical systems has shown success in modelling the work of single operators. The CWA approach incorporates social and team interactions, but a more explicit analysis of team aspects can reveal more information for systems design. In this paper, Team CWA is explored to understand teamwork within a birthing unit at a hospital. Team CWA models are derived from theories and models of teamworkand leverage the existing CWA approaches to analyse team interactions. Team CWA is explained and contrasted with prior approaches to CWA. Team CWA does not replace CWA, but supplements traditional CWA to more easily reveal team information. As a result, Team CWA may be a useful approach to enhance CWA in complex environments where effective teamwork is required.Practitioner Summary: This paper looks at ways of analysing cognitive work in healthcare teams. Team Cognitive Work Analysis, when used to supplement traditional Cognitive Work Analysis, revealed more team information than traditional Cognitive Work Analysis. Team Cognitive Work Analysis should be considered when studying teams

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Using cognitive work analysis to explore activity allocation within military domains

Cited by 73 publications

References 22 publications

Hierarchical task analysis vs. cognitive work analysis: comparison of theory, methodology and contribution to system design

Hierarchical task analysis vs. cognitive work analysis: comparison of theory, methodology and contribution to system design

Extending helicopter operations to meet future integrated transportation needs

Using team cognitive work analysis to reveal healthcare team interactions in a birthing unit

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