“…Recent cognitive-training studies have found that practice with nonsymbolic addition and subtraction problems (e.g., adding and subtracting sets of dots) leads to enhanced symbolic arithmetic abilities, suggesting a causal link between nonsymbolic and symbolic calculations (Hyde, Khanum, & Spelke, 2014;Park, Bermudez, Roberts, & Brannon, 2016;Park & Brannon, 2013Szkudlarek & Brannon, 2018). Such findings suggest the possibility that there may be a common set of neural mechanisms supporting both nonsymbolic and symbolic arithmetic (Bugden, DeWind, & Brannon, 2016). Thus, an intriguing possibility is that the relationship between nonsymbolic and symbolic representations is stronger when performing mental arithmetic than when comparing quantities.…”