Using Cholinesterases and Immobilized Luminescent Photobacteria for the Express-Analysis of Mycotoxins and Estimating the Efficiency of Their Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Abstract

Novel sensitive analytical agents that can be used for simple, affordable, and rapid analysis of mycotoxins are urgently needed in scientific practice, especially for the screening of perspective bio-destructors of the toxic contaminants. We compared the characteristics of a rapid quantitative analysis of different mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone) using acetyl-, butyrylcholinesterases and photobacterial strains of luminescent cells in the current study. The best bioindicators in terms of sensitivity and working range (μg/mL) were determined as follows: Photobacterium sp. 17 cells for analysis of deoxynivalenol (0.8–89) and patulin (0.2–32); Photobacterium sp. 9.2 cells for analysis of ochratoxin A (0.4–72) and zearalenone (0.2–32); acetylcholinesterase for analysis of sterigmatocystin (0.12–219). The cells were found to be more sensitive than enzymes. The assayed strains of photobacterial cells ensured 44%–83% lower limit of detection for deoxynivalenol and sterigmatocystin as compared to the previously known data for immobilized luminescent cells, and the range of working concentrations was extended by a factor of 1.5–3.5. Calibration curves for the quantitative determination of patulin using immobilized photobacteria were presented in this work for the first time. This calibration was applied to estimate the enzyme efficiency for hydrolyzing mycotoxins using zearalenone and His6-tagged organophosphorus hydrolase as examples.

Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia

“…However, they can be accompanied by the accumulation of toxic intermediates. The degradation of mycotoxins using biological strategies is a promising solution to the problem of mycotoxins, since it can result in the formation of small amounts of toxic products or their complete absence [ 5 , 10 ]. The disadvantage of biocatalytic methods of mycotoxin degradation is a long period of necessary treatment (15–100% degradation is achieved within 25–60 days, Table 4 ).…”

“…Today, the attention of many researchers in the world is focused on the study of problems related to the prevention of mycotoxin contamination of food and pharmaceutical products and animal feed. To date, a significant progress has already been made in this direction: the structures of mycotoxins were established [ 1 ], their mechanisms of actions were revealed [ 1 , 2 ], methods of their detection and identification were elaborated [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], and approaches to their detoxification were developed inside of various materials [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and in vivo (in the body of animals) [ 10 ]. However, large volumes of organic wastes containing mycotoxins, in particular coming from agriculture, compose new tasks related to the need to solve environmental problems.…”

Nanocatalysts for Oxidative Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel: Modern Solutions and the Perspectives of Application in Hybrid Chemical-Biocatalytic Processes

“…Once the artificial consortium has been formed, the anaerobic microorganisms of such consortium can be gradually adapted to the presence of components which are otherwise toxic for these cells [126]. The toxicity of the extracts before introducing them into the bioreactor can be evaluated via a bioanalytical technique using PVA cryogel-immobilized Photobacterium cells [171][172][173][174]. An optimal solution concentration for the extracts can be chosen, if necessary, to minimize the inhibiting effect of the chemical components therein on the biocatalytic activity of the participants of the microbial consortium [24].…”

Luminescent Bacteria as Bioindicators in Screening and Selection of Enzymes Detoxifying Various Mycotoxins

“…Generally, both methods give a quick response to the presence of toxic compounds. In our previous comparative investigation of choline esterase and immobilized luminous bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum [19] in the detection of four mycotoxins, it was established that biosensors on the basis of photobacterial cells had better analytical characteristics. Moreover, it was shown that the cells can be applied for the estimation of the resulting toxicity of the medium obtained after the hydrolytic reaction of hexahistidine-tagged organophosphorus hydrolase with zearalenone.…”