“…All the texture-etched glass substrates present a very high roughness up to 3 μm (HF concentration of 35%) with the increase in the etching time. The surface roughness for the HF concentrations of 10% and 25% is reasonably lower than that for the HF concentrations between 30% and 45%; this is explained by the different texturing mechanisms induced by the different HF concentrations, which is due to the higher quantity of OH − ions in the etchant [11] . Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The degree of reconstruction on the surface is determined by the haze value obtained from the ratio of the transmittance to diffuse transmittance as a function of the wavelength of light [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The improvement in the efficiency of a TF-Si solar cell such as a microcrystalline single junction or tandem cell has been proven to be extremely difficult when the TCO-etching method is applied, because of the weakness of scattering in the longer-wavelength region [ 10 , 11 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To prevent the reduction of light loss in the longer-wavelength region of a TF-Si solar cell, an alternative is the adoption of the wet and vapor etching methods [5] . Even though random wet etching is a simple process, it is not recommended for achieving a uniform surface [11] . The UV-photolithography method, however, is advantageous for achieving surface uniformity because it is an attractive solution for the texturing of TF-Si solar cells owing to its low cost, minimized damage, appropriate imaging resolution, and high throughput.…”
A hemisphere-array textured glass substrate was fabricated for the development of an improved thin-film (TF) silicon solar cell. The HF-H2SO4-etchant system influenced the light path owing to the formation of the strong fluorine-containing HSO3F acid. In particular, the etching system of the various HF concentration with a constant H2SO4 solution is related to make an improvement of optical transmittance and light trapping structure without a uniform pattern. According to the specular transmittance measurements, the haze ratio was maintained for the glass sample etched with 35% HF in the longer-wavelength region. The proposed substrate was implemented in a TF-Si solar cell, and an improved conversion efficiency was observed according to the short-circuit current density owing to the increase in the haze ratio. This morphology, therefore, induces more scattering at the front side of the cell and leads to an improvement of the open circuit voltage gain for the HF 25% cell. It will be helpful to understand the application of thin film solar cell based on the HF-H2SO4 etching system for the readers.
“…All the texture-etched glass substrates present a very high roughness up to 3 μm (HF concentration of 35%) with the increase in the etching time. The surface roughness for the HF concentrations of 10% and 25% is reasonably lower than that for the HF concentrations between 30% and 45%; this is explained by the different texturing mechanisms induced by the different HF concentrations, which is due to the higher quantity of OH − ions in the etchant [11] . Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The degree of reconstruction on the surface is determined by the haze value obtained from the ratio of the transmittance to diffuse transmittance as a function of the wavelength of light [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The improvement in the efficiency of a TF-Si solar cell such as a microcrystalline single junction or tandem cell has been proven to be extremely difficult when the TCO-etching method is applied, because of the weakness of scattering in the longer-wavelength region [ 10 , 11 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To prevent the reduction of light loss in the longer-wavelength region of a TF-Si solar cell, an alternative is the adoption of the wet and vapor etching methods [5] . Even though random wet etching is a simple process, it is not recommended for achieving a uniform surface [11] . The UV-photolithography method, however, is advantageous for achieving surface uniformity because it is an attractive solution for the texturing of TF-Si solar cells owing to its low cost, minimized damage, appropriate imaging resolution, and high throughput.…”
A hemisphere-array textured glass substrate was fabricated for the development of an improved thin-film (TF) silicon solar cell. The HF-H2SO4-etchant system influenced the light path owing to the formation of the strong fluorine-containing HSO3F acid. In particular, the etching system of the various HF concentration with a constant H2SO4 solution is related to make an improvement of optical transmittance and light trapping structure without a uniform pattern. According to the specular transmittance measurements, the haze ratio was maintained for the glass sample etched with 35% HF in the longer-wavelength region. The proposed substrate was implemented in a TF-Si solar cell, and an improved conversion efficiency was observed according to the short-circuit current density owing to the increase in the haze ratio. This morphology, therefore, induces more scattering at the front side of the cell and leads to an improvement of the open circuit voltage gain for the HF 25% cell. It will be helpful to understand the application of thin film solar cell based on the HF-H2SO4 etching system for the readers.
“…However, there are still some problems with improving solar cell performance by optimizing the performance of AZO thin films. Lin et al [ 71 ] studied AZO films prepared via etching with various etchants. The short-circuit current of the solar cells etched with HNO 3 was 16.2% higher than that of the naturally grown AZO films, and the conversion efficiency was even higher, reaching 20.2%.…”
Due to the excellent performance and low cost of the new aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film, it is expected to replace the mature indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film. The research status and progress of AZO transparent conductive films are summarized in this review. Moreover, the structure, optoelectronic properties, and conductive mechanism of AZO thin films are also detailed. The thin films’ main preparation processes and the advantages and disadvantages of each process method are mainly discussed, and their application fields are expounded. AZO thin films with multicomponent composite structures are one of the promising development directions in transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films. The development of various preparation processes has promoted the production and application of thin films on a broad scale. Finally, some improvement schemes have been proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of the film. The industrialization prospects of the AZO film, as well as its great development potential in the digital world, are discussed.
“…These entail direct physical fabrication methods, such as sand blast [38,39] and laser ablation [40], or pattern transferring from templates e.g. chemical etching [41][42][43][44][45][46]. To date, however, there is no agreement on the optimal values to be implemented given a particular surface.…”
Section: Economic Impact Of Surface Engineeringmentioning
Surface texturing has been recognized as a method for enhancing the tribological properties of surfaces for many years. Adding a controlled texture to one of two faces in relative motion can have many positive effects, such as reduction of friction and wear and increase in load capacity. To date, the true potential of texturing has not been realized not because of the lack of enabling texturing technologies but because of the severe lack of detailed information about the mechanistic functional details of texturing in a tribological situation. Experimental as well as theoretical analysis of textured surfaces define important metrics for performance evaluation. These metrics represent the interaction between geometry of the texturing element and surface topology. To date, there is no agreement on the optimal values that should be implemented given a particular surface. More importantly, a well-defined methodology for the generation of deterministic textures of optimized designs virtually does not exist. Nature, on the other hand, offers many examples of efficient texturing strategies (geometries and topologies) specifically applied to mitigate frictional effects in a variety of situations. Studying these examples may advance the technology of surface engineering. This paper therefore, provides a comparative review of surface texturing that manifest viable synergy between tribology and biology. We attempt to provide successful emerging examples where borrowing from nature has inspired viable surface solutions that address difficult tribological problems both in dry and lubricated contact situations.
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