Using buoyant mass to measure the growth of single cells

Godin, Michel; Delgado, Francisco Feijó; Son, Sungmin; Grover, William H.; Bryan, Andrea K.; Tzur, Amit; Jorgensen, Paul; Payer, Kris; Grossman, Alan D.; Kirschner, Marc W.; Manalis, Scott R.

doi:10.1038/nmeth.1452

Cited by 351 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…cycle 37,42,50,51 , a discontinuous pattern of growth in volume should cause changes in cell density over the cell cycle, consistent with the fact that yeast cells reach a maximum density shortly after budding 52,53 . All these observations point to a discontinuous mode of volume growth during the cell cycle of budding yeast, a property that has been well established in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 44,45,54 and may also apply to mammalian cells 55 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The critical size is set at a single-cell level by growth rate to attain homeostasis and adaptation

et al. 2012

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Budding yeast cells are assumed to trigger start and enter the cell cycle only after they attain a critical size set by external conditions. However, arguing against deterministic models of cell size control, cell volume at start displays great individual variability even under constant conditions. Here we show that cell size at start is robustly set at a single-cell level by the volume growth rate in G1, which explains the observed variability. We find that this growth-rate-dependent sizer is intimately hardwired into the start network and the Ydj1 chaperone is key for setting cell size as a function of the individual growth rate. mathematical modelling and experimental data indicate that a growth-rate-dependent sizer is sufficient to ensure size homeostasis and, as a remarkable advantage over a rigid sizer mechanism, it reduces noise in G1 length and provides an immediate solution for size adaptation to external conditions at a population level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The critical size is set at a single-cell level by growth rate to attain homeostasis and adaptation

et al. 2012

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“…Recent studies suggest that single cells of E. coli and B. subtilis grow in a size-dependent and approximately exponential manner 5,7 . Although the growth of mycobacteria by tip elongation might suggest that individual cells should increase their size in a linear manner 14 , our data reveal that mycobacteria elongate in a size-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exponential growth implies that the speed of growth accelerates in proportion to increasing cell size. In practice, distinguishing between linear and exponential patterns of single-cell growth is technically challenging because the respective growth curves exhibit similar shapes, and highly precise measurements are required to distinguish between them 3,5,6 . Recent studies using a variety of experimental techniques lend support to the hypothesis that growth of single cells is size-dependent and approximately exponential in E. coli, B. subtilis, budding yeast and mammalian cells [5][6][7] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

et al. 2013

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During the bacterial cell cycle, chromosome replication and cell division must be coordinated with overall cell growth in order to maintain the correct ploidy and cell size. The spatial and temporal coordination of these processes in mycobacteria is not understood. Here we use microfluidics and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to measure the dynamics of cell growth, division and chromosome replication in single cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis. We find that single-cell growth is size-dependent (large cells grow faster than small cells), which implicates a size-control mechanism in cell-size homoeostasis. Asymmetric division of mother cells gives rise to unequally sized sibling cells that grow at different velocities but show no differential sensitivity to antibiotics. Individual cells are restricted to one round of chromosome replication per cell division cycle, although replication usually initiates in the mother cell before cytokinesis and terminates in the daughter cells after cytokinesis. These studies reveal important differences between cell cycle organization in mycobacteria compared with better-studied model organisms.

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“…Two well-known methods, i.e., suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) [3][4][5] and pedestal resonant sensor (PRS), [6][7][8] have been developed based on physical approaches using micro resonators. Although both of them involve complicated fabrication and indirect mappings between the cell mass and the measured physics-parameters, these two methods have been found to be applicable in the measurement of the density and mass of single cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of single leukemia cell's density and mass using optically induced electric field in a microfluidics chip

et al. 2015

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We present a method capable of rapidly ($20 s) determining the density and mass of a single leukemic cell using an optically induced electrokinetics (OEK) platform. Our team had reported recently on a technique that combines sedimentation theory, computer vision, and micro particle manipulation techniques on an OEK microfluidic platform to determine the mass and density of micron-scale entities in a fluidic medium; the mass and density of yeast cells were accurately determined in that prior work. In the work reported in this paper, we further refined the technique by performing significantly more experiments to determine a universal correction factor to Stokes' equation in expressing the drag force on a microparticle as it falls towards an infinite plane. Specifically, a theoretical model for micron-sized spheres settling towards an infinite plane in a microfluidic environment is presented, and which was validated experimentally using five different sizes of micro polystyrene beads. The same sedimentation process was applied to two kinds of leukemic cancer cells with similar sizes in an OEK platform, and their density and mass were determined accordingly. Our tests on mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210) and human leukemic cells (HL-60) have verified the practical viability of this method. Potentially, this new method provides a new way of measuring the volume, density, and mass of a single cell in an accurate, selective, and repeatable manner. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Using buoyant mass to measure the growth of single cells

Cited by 351 publications

References 19 publications

The critical size is set at a single-cell level by growth rate to attain homeostasis and adaptation

The critical size is set at a single-cell level by growth rate to attain homeostasis and adaptation

Single-cell dynamics of the chromosome replication and cell division cycles in mycobacteria

Measurement of single leukemia cell's density and mass using optically induced electric field in a microfluidics chip

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