Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate Changes in Pulmonary Diseases

Di, Marissa E; Yang, Dandan; Di, Y. Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_5

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…During the operation, normal saline and/or antibiotics, as well as adrenocorticoid drugs were used to fully lavage the blocked bronchial cavity. The narrow bronchus was dredged many times with a bronchoscope of the corresponding caliber to achieve the aim of reducing the production of pulmonary endocrine fluid (15). The results of this study showed that the total clinical effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the length of hospitalization (indicated by relief of the clinic symptom) was significantly shorter than that of the control group, indicating that BAL treatment has a significant effect on relief of the clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage on the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and immune function in the treatment of refractory pneumonia in children

et al. 2021

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Background: Refractory pneumonia is a special type of pneumonia in children. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and immune function in the treatment of pediatric refractory pneumonia.Methods: A total of 196 children with refractory pneumonia admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were enrolled and allocated to a study group (n=99) and a control group (n=97). The study group was treated with BAL treatment plus conventional treatment, and the control group was treated with conventional treatment. The clinical efficacy, time of fever regression, time of cough relief, and length of hospital stay were compared between groups. Changes in inflammatory factors, immune function, pulmonary ventilation function, and complications were analyzed. The levels of inflammatory factors in BAL fluid were compared.Results: The times of fever remission, cough relief, and hospital stay of the study group was shorter than those of the control group, and the total clinical effective rate of the study group was higher. At any time after treatment, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) in the study group were lower than the control group. After 3-day of treatment, IL-6, CRP and TNF-α in BAL fluid in the study group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment.Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group at any time after treatment, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were lower than in the control group. The levels of oxygenation index (OI), lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and work of breathing (WOB) in the study group were higher than those in the control group at any time after treatment.Conclusions: BAL treatment can effectively relieve the inflammatory response, improve immune function and lung ventilation function in children with refractory pneumonia. The clinical effect is remarkable and worthy of promotion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage on the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and immune function in the treatment of refractory pneumonia in children

et al. 2021

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At desired endpoints after bacterial infection with/without UBM administration, the mice (6 mice/group) were anesthetized with 2.5% tribromoethanol (Avertin) and sacrificed according to a previously published protocol. 27 The trachea was cannulated, the lungs were lavaged twice using 1 mL of saline, and the BALF samples were pooled. A 16 μL aliquot was stained with 4 μL of acridine orange (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), and cells were counted with a Vision cell analyzer cell counter (Nexcelom, Lawrence, MA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with a Urinary Bladder Matrix Alters the Innate Host Response to Pneumonia Induced by Escherichia coli

Lin

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Escherichia coli has become the prominent cause of nosocomial pneumonia in recent years. In the meantime, some strains of E. coli have developed resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs. The urinary bladder matrix (UBM) is a biologically derived scaffold material that has been used to promote site-appropriate tissue remodeling in a variety of body systems, partially through the modulation of the innate immune response. In this study, we seek to determine UBM efficacy in preventing bacterial pneumonia in mouse lungs using the Gram-negative bacterial strain E. coli. Our results show that the UBM prevented bacterial biofilm formation in both abiotic and biotic conditions through experimentation on polystyrene plates and culture on the apical surface of differentiated airway epithelial cells. Intratracheal treatment with UBM led to host protection from E. coli-induced respiratory infection in a murine pneumonia model. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the involvement of the enhanced host immune response in UBM-treated mice. Additionally, UBM-treated macrophages had an increased iNOS expression and enhanced phagocytosis activity. Therefore, the protection against E. coli-induced infection and the antibacterial function observed by UBM is potentially through both the anti-biofilm activity and enhanced host immunity following UBM treatment. Taken together, our results support further investigation of UBM as an alternative treatment to attenuate bacterial-induced respiratory infection.

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“…BAL uses pre-warmed 0.9% sterile saline to lavage the selected bronchus by injecting it into the working tunnel of the bronchoscope and then collecting the mixed fluids ( 93 , 113 ). Bronchoscopy combined with bronchoalveolar lavage can not only clamp the blocked mucus plug out of the small bronchi and effectively ease the clinical symptoms of children with pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis but also obtain alveolar lavage fluid, which is conducive to improving the detection efficiency of pathogens, adjusting drug usage, shortening the course of the disease, and reducing the hospitalization time needed ( 79 ).…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia: clinical practice and current treatment

et al. 2023

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Graphical abstractIn this review, we lay emphasis on the pathogenic mechanism, early recognition and treatment strategies of severe pediatric adenovirus pneumonia. The pathogenic mechanism of adenovirus is divided into three parts, direct damage to the target cells, inflammatory cytokines release and immune evasion of the virus. Indicators including age, clinical manifestations, imaging features and laboratory tests play an essential role in the early identification. Current treatment strategies are comprised of anti-viral drugs, respiratory support and bronchoscopy, continuous blood purification, immuno-regulation therapy and supportive care.

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Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Evaluate Changes in Pulmonary Diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage on the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and immune function in the treatment of refractory pneumonia in children

Effect of bronchoalveolar lavage on the clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and immune function in the treatment of refractory pneumonia in children

Treatment with a Urinary Bladder Matrix Alters the Innate Host Response to Pneumonia Induced by Escherichia coli

Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia: clinical practice and current treatment

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