Using Bee Bread Extract as Natural Source of Energy, Antibiotics and Antioxidants Instead of Synthetic Sources During Freezing Steps of Ram Semen Extender

Abstract

S emen extenders are a solution for protecting spermatozoa to enable fertilization and maintain preserve sperm metabolic processes such as providing energy and providing other characteristics to control bacterial transmission and contamination (Khalifa et al., 2016a). These charac-teristics maintain the storage, transport, and utilization of sperm in vitro artificial insemination (AI) (Alvarez et al., 2019). Spermatozoa that have just been ejaculated require an energy metabolism that produces energy quickly to sustain the significant quantity of energy needed by spermatozoa to activate for exiting the ejaculation point (Khalifa and Khalil 2016b). Obviously, the energy requirements of