Using and Selecting Graphic Techniques to Acquire Structural Knowledge

Abstract

of graphic techniques to convey this knowledge. Second, we present a model that describes the different learning outcomes of a variety of graphic techniques based upon the techniques' attributes and the types of cognitive processes that are elicited when learners construct the graphics. Structural KnowledgeStructural knowledge is an important construct in learning and instruction for several reasons which are now briefly described. ABSTRACTStructural knowledge, the knowledge of relationships between concepts in a content area, is essential for comprehension and problem solving. Learning structural knowledge can be facilitated through learner-generated two-dimensional diagrams of conceptual relationships. These diagrams include networks, concept maps, pattern notes, semantic maps and graphic or-ganizers. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of graphic techniques and the cognitive processes that learners use to construct the diagrams. We then propose a model that can be used to choose between different graphic techniques based upon the cognitive processes elicited by the techniques and the learning outcomes derived from their use.

The six-sphere framework: A practical tool for assessing monitoring and evaluation systems

“…Mind mapping sits within a broader field of graphic techniques that attempt to represent knowledge that include spider mapping, pattern notes, concept maps, schematising and others (Beissner 1994;Eppler 2006). Each of the techniques seeks to represent knowledge not just in terms of its explicit value but also in a manner that fosters the graphic reconstruction of knowledge with a view to generating new insights (Novak & Gowin 1984).…”

“…Beissner (1994) argues that the imparting of structure to knowledge facilitates the formation of mental constructs that enhance understanding and allow it to be applied to new situations. In fact, the application of structure becomes more valuable as the content domain increases in complexity and abstraction.…”

“…These are often presented in the form of a conceptual diagram, a pictorial metaphor or a combination of both (problem trees, fishbone analysis, 'bridging the gap') (Eppler 2006 Beissner (1994) highlights the importance of analysis (the breaking down of ideas into constituent parts), elaboration (relating new knowledge to what is already known) and, importantly, integration (forming associations between ideas from within a new content domain).…”

Visualize and Semantic Structure in Web Navigate Communication

“…Jonassen, Beissner & Yacci, (1993) [3] point out that "Structural knowledge" theory, can be used to present the relationships of knowledge content in a spatial way; with a different method to express the knowledge structure, the different types of organizing techniques, can promote the different cognition processes. The visualized CM + SS + KOD navigation is one type of knowledge navigation system, for organizing and representing knowledge with the semantic content.…”

Multimedia Processing and Applications ---Based on visualizing RIA navigation on-Demand service

“…This CM + SS + KOD navigation system consists of three fundamental parts: "visual concept perception", "hierarchical structure representation", "knowledge organization and adaptive memory".Jonassen, Beissner & Yacci, (1993) [2] point out that "Structural knowledge" theory, can be used to present the relationships of knowledge content in a spatial way; with a different method to express the knowledge structure, the different types of organizing techniques, can promote the different cognition processes. …”