Using an online intervention to improve menstrual health literacy and self-management in young women: a pilot study

Abstract

Introduction Menstrual cycle-related conditions, such as dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding, are common amongst those under 25. Despite having significant impact on work, education and social activities, most do not seek medical advice, preferring to self-manage their symptoms. This pilot pre- and post-test study aimed to determine if a web-based intervention could improve health literacy, reduce menstrual symptoms, and encourage health-seeking behaviour in those at risk of conditions such as endometriosis. Methods A steering group of menstrual health experts, young women and teachers developed a web-based resource containing two sections: information on the menstrual cycle, including conditions such as dysmenorrhea; and self-management strategies including yoga, meditation, dietary advice, heat and acupressure. Recruitment was via social media. The intervention was undertaken for three menstrual cycles. Outcomes were collected on health literacy measures, doctors’ visits, symptom severity and self-care usage. Results Seventy-five women with a mean age of 20.4 years enrolled in the web-based resource, and 56 (75%) completed the intervention. Forty-three percent visited their doctor regarding their menstrual symptoms during the study period, with 84% indicating that they made the appointment due to the intervention; over half (56%) who visited their doctor received a referral to a gynaecologist. Self-care usage increased with 60% reporting changes in the way they managed their menstrual symptoms. There were clinically relevant improvements in health literacy reflecting improved confidence of participants regarding adequate information and skills to manage their symptoms. Almost half (48.8%) said the intervention had changed what they thought was a ‘normal’ period and over a third (35%) said it corrected previous misunderstandings they had about periods and the menstrual cycle. Ninety-four percent could identify the symptoms of endometriosis after using the intervention. Conclusion A low-cost, web-based intervention can improve health literacy, provide effective options for self-management of menstrual cycle-related conditions and motivate young women to see medical advice.