“…Previously, we investigated the prediction of total effort and errors using an artificial neural network (ANN) (Iwata, Nakashima, Anan, & Ishii, 2008;Iwata, Anan, Nakashima, & Ishii, 2009;Iwata, Nakashima, Anan, & Ishii, 2012, 2013. In earlier papers, we showed that ANN models are superior to regression analysis models for predicting effort and errors in new projects.…”