Using aerial photography and in situ measurements to estimate the quantity of macro-litter on beaches

Nakashima, Etsuko; Isobe, Atsuhiko; Magome, Shinya; Kako, Shin’ichiro; Deki, Noriko

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.006

Cited by 66 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As such, plastic pre-production pellets, a recognizable component of marine debris, are now used to examine the global pattern of PBTs (Ogata et al 2009;Takada et al 2006), acting as passive samplers and providing baseline information regarding PBT contamination in the ocean. International Pellet Watch leads this effort, collecting plastic pellets globally and measuring the concentrations of various PBTs sorbed to plastic debris (Takada et al 2006;Ogata et al 2009; see also The presence of organic chemicals on plastic debris may be established globally, but the presence of a complex mixture of metals on plastic debris has only been recently demonstrated (Ashton et al 2010;Holmes et al 2012;Nakashima et al 2011Nakashima et al , 2012Rochman et al 2014a). Similar to organic chemicals, several metals have long been additive ingredients of plastics (e.g.…”

Section: The Accumulation Of Chemicals On Plastic Debris In the Marinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment

Rochman

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

225

191

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For decades we have learned about the physical hazards associated with plastic debris in the marine environment, but recently we are beginning to realize the chemical hazards. Assessing hazards associated with plastic in aquatic habitats is not simple, and requires knowledge regarding organisms that may be exposed, the exposure concentrations, the types of polymers comprising the debris, the length of time the debris was present in the aquatic environment (affecting the size, shape and fouling) and the locations and transport of the debris during that time period. Marine plastic debris is associated with a 'cocktail of chemicals', including chemicals added or produced during manufacturing and those present in the marine environment that accumulate onto the debris from surrounding seawater. This raises concerns regarding: (i) the complex mixture of chemical substances associated with marine plastic debris, (ii) the environmental fate of these chemicals to and from plastics in our oceans and (iii) how this mixture affects wildlife, as hundreds of species ingest this material in nature. The focus of this chapter is on the mixture of chemicals associated with marine plastic debris. Specifically, this chapter discusses the diversity of chemical ingredients, byproducts of manufacturing and sorbed chemical contaminants from the marine environment among plastic types, the role of marine plastic debris as a novel medium for environmental partitioning of chemical contaminants in the ocean and the toxic effects that may result from plastic debris in marine animals.

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Section: The Accumulation Of Chemicals On Plastic Debris In the Marinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment

Rochman

2015

Marine Anthropogenic Litter

225

191

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“…Direct detection techniques for beach and sea bottom MD are, within the EFMD context, considered as indirect techniques. While examples of direct techniques for beach sediments using aerial photographs [28][29][30] or uniform color space aerial photographs to detect plastic [31] are present in the literature, direct search and detection for sea bottom MD usually focus on coral reef health studies (e.g., Dameron et al [32]). However, the greatest problem related with beach, water column and sea-bottom indirect techniques to understand EFMD behavior relies on the lack of diffusion models with well-defined rates and processes between the diverse components of the systems at hand, i.e., beach, sea-bottom, water column, and open sea surface water.…”

Section: Search and Detection Techniques For Efmd: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of exogenous floating marine debris: an overview of techniques associated with remote sensing

Paige¹,

Paìnho²

2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Exogenous floating marine debris (EFMD) is a worldwide concern and its ubiquitous characteristics and long-term threat have raised calls for new venues to enable easier and prompt detection at large. The main focus of this paper is to evidence search and detection methods for EFMD using remote sensing techniques. This paper contributes to update research information in the topic under scrutiny and to screen for possible gaps to mitigate EFMD impacts. Several needs for research were found, and, before any work to establish the ground truth could take place, a spectral library model for EFMD going through several stages of biofouling must be created using passive or active research methods. Search methods need to be automated using empirical models based on stratified set-ups previously tested. Several sensors show potential for an indirect search for EFMD, but direct detection of EFMD using multispectral and radar instruments still needs further research through integration with conceptual and empirical modeling techniques.

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“…Morét-Ferguson et al (2010) argumentaram sobre o uso da densidade na identificação dos tipos de plásticos, porém, salientaram que características físicas e químicas podem ser modificadas no mar, bem como a presença de organismos incrustantes. Nakashima et al (2011) também fizeram relação com a densidade, no entanto, com a questão quantitativa do lixo encontrado, sugerindo que o tipo mais encontrado (polietileno) é devido a sua baixa densidade em relação aos outros.…”

Section: Impactos Estéticos E Ecológicos Dos Microplásticos Ou Pelletsunclassified

“…Já os primeiros estudos sobre pellets em praias da Nova Zelândia foram conduzidos por Gregory (1977Gregory ( e 1978. Os pellets também foram encontrados ao longo da costa do Mar Mediterrâneo (Karapanagioti e Klontza, 2007;Turnes & Holmes, 2011), em várias partes dos Estados Unidos (EPA, 1990b(EPA, , 1992aMoore et al, 2001a), no Canadá (Gregory, 1983), Japão (Kusui e Noda, 2003;Endo et al, 2005), , 2004) e Arábia (Khordagui e Abu-Hilal, 1994), Portugal (Frias et al, 2010), Bélgica (Claessens et al, 2011) e em áreas remotas como arquipélagos e a região da Antártica (Ivar do Sul et al, 2009e 2011Convey et al, 2002).…”

Section: Impactos Estéticos E Ecológicos Dos Microplásticos Ou Pelletsunclassified

“…Eles podem ser produzidos em várias formas (esféricas, ovóides e cilíndricas), tamanhos (de 1 a 5 mm) e cores (geralmente claras, brancas ou transparentes), dependendo de sua composição química e de seu propósito final (Wilber, 1987;EPA, 1990a) (Michaeli, 1995;Rodriguez, 1996 Estudos sobre a quantificação de elementos metálicos em plásticos têm sido pouco explorados, sendo a maior contribuição no setor alimentício, cujo interesse é saber a quantidade de íons potencialmente tóxicos que podem migrar da embalagem para os alimentos, danificando sua qualidade (Zenebon et al, 2004;Birley, 1982;Takahashi et al, 2008Takahashi et al, e 1999Nomura et al, 2000;Soarez, 2008;Shepherd, 1981;Mateus, 1999;Westerhoff et al, 2008). Há também estudos mais recentes, que abordam a presença de elementos metálicos em embalagens alimentícias , pellets (Ashton et al, 2010e Holmes et al, 2012, lixo plástico encontrado nas praias (Nakashima et al, 2011(Nakashima et al, e 2012 e sacolas plásticas de supermercados (Sakai et al, 2009 Portanto, a quantificação dos elementos metálicos em produtos plásticos nos fornece valiosas informações para aprimoramento da qualidade de seus produtos bem como a entidades preocupadas com a preservação do meio ambiente e da saúde da população.…”

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Estudo da distribuição de metais em plásticos no litoral de São Paulo: avaliação da poluição por meio de análise de pellets

Vedolin¹

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Using aerial photography and in situ measurements to estimate the quantity of macro-litter on beaches

Cited by 66 publications

References 20 publications

The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment

The Complex Mixture, Fate and Toxicity of Chemicals Associated with Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment

Detection of exogenous floating marine debris: an overview of techniques associated with remote sensing

Estudo da distribuição de metais em plásticos no litoral de São Paulo: avaliação da poluição por meio de análise de pellets

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