Using advertisement light-panel and CMOS image sensor with frequency-shift-keying for visible light communication

Abstract

A frequency-shift-keying (FSK) visible light communication (VLC) system is proposed and demonstrated using advertisement light-panel as transmitter and mobile-phone image sensor as receiver. The developed application program (APP) in mobile-phone can retrieve the rolling shutter effect (RSE) pattern produced by the FSK VLC signal effectively. Here, we also define noise-ratio value (NRV) to evaluate the contrast of different advertisements displayed on the light-panel. Both mobile-phones under test can achieve success rate > 96% even when the transmission distance is up to 200 cm and the NRVs are low.

Improved Target Signal Source Tracking and Extraction Method Based on Outdoor Visible Light Communication Using a Cam-Shift Algorithm and Kalman Filter

“…To our knowledge, studies on image-sensor-based OVLC, where LEDs are used as a transmitter and a high-speed camera is used as the receiver, such as intelligent transport systems, are mainly aiming at increasing transmission speed, reducing the BER (bit error rate), or solving other normal communication problems. In most of the existing image-sensor-based VLC studies, the transmitter (signal source) or the receiver (camera) is fixed, or the background of received images is already clean and information can be demodulated directly from these images, such as in References [15,16,17], where only signal source LEDs are left in images after adjusting the exposure time of the camera. In addition, in the field of visible light positioning (VLP) based on VLC, which is most closely related to tracking algorithm research, few studies take accuracy, robustness, and real-time ability into consideration simultaneously.…”

Optical Camera Communications: Principles, Modulations, Potential and Challenges

“…Indoor OCC schemes are the most prominent, as the majority of the intended applications among the use cases listed in the standardization are for indoor environments [25]. The use cases for indoor schemes include 2D LED color code [43,51,52,55], D2D as well as relay applications [37,38], digital signage [12,52,93], exhibition or store services [23,49,84,94,95] and in-flight services [49,52]. A combined version of these use cases is proposed for a more complex system such as smart factories, smart offices, and smart homes as part of the 4th Industrial Revolution solutions [25].…”

“…Due to the high-density modulation on each frame, the achieved data rate was 2.66 Mbps at a transmission distance of 20 cm. Note that there is a tradeoff between the distance and the data rate, i.e., increasing the distance to 200 cm results in reduced data rate of 15.38 bps [93]. The scheme was designed to support the uplink transmission of a more complex OCC system, such as exhibition service or digital signage.…”

“…The scheme was designed to support the uplink transmission of a more complex OCC system, such as exhibition service or digital signage. The system is robust with an uplink failure rate of 10% [93,94].…”

Improved Target Signal Source Tracking and Extraction Method Based on Outdoor Visible Light Communication Using an Improved Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Cam-Shift Algorithm

“…As far as we know, the main direction of the existing studies on image-sensor-based outdoor-VLC is to increase the transmission speed, reduce the BER (bit error rate), and solve other normal communication problems. In most existing image-sensor-based VLC studies, such as in references [15]- [17], transmitter (signal source) is fixed physically, receiver (camera) is fixed physically, or received image background has already been cleared. After adjusting the exposure time of the camera, only the signal source LED is left in the image and the information can be demodulated directly from these images.…”