Using Advanced 2D Materials to Closely Mimic Vestibular Hair Cell Sensors

Moshizi, S.A.; Azadi, Shohreh; Belford, Andrew; Wu, Shuying; Han, Zhao Jun; Asadnia, Mohsen

doi:10.1109/transducers50396.2021.9495755

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An artificial three-dimensional (3D) printed ear with miniaturized coiled antenna has been proposed for sound detection and recognition [ 37 ]. To achieve equilibrium, artificial semicircular canals, which had hair cell bundles immersed in a cupula made from vertical graphene nanosheets and PDMS, and which were realized by utilizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), have been proposed [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Meanwhile, other artificial semicircular canals have been used to demonstrate the interaction between the outer magnet and inner spherical ferrofluid body placed in a loop [ 41 ].…”

Section: Anatomical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the equilibrium systems of artificial sensors designed using the proposed materials, which mimic semicircular canals, saccule, etc., are applicable as inertial sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes, which respond to dynamic inclination, such as acceleration, angular velocity, etc. [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In particular, the novel tilting sensor installed in a robot would be proposed for the state-of-the-art robotics.…”

Section: Equilibrium Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Fabrication of Equilibrium and Auditory Sensors through Electrolytic Polymerization on Hybrid Fluid Rubber (HF Rubber) for Smart Materials of Robotics

Shimada

2022

Sensors

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The development of auditory sensors and systems is essential in smart materials of robotics and is placed at the strategic category of mutual communication between humans and robots. We designed prototypes of the rubber-made equilibrium and auditory sensors, mimicking hair cells in the saccule and the cochlea at the vestibule of the human ear by utilizing our previously proposed technique of electrolytic polymerization on the hybrid fluid rubber (HF rubber). The fabricated artificial hair cells embedded with mimicked free nerve endings and Pacinian corpuscles, which are well-known receptors in the human skin and have already been elucidated effective in the previous study, have the intelligence of equilibrium and auditory sensing. Moreover, they have a voltage that is generated from built-in electricity caused by the ionized particles and molecules in the HF rubber due to piezoelectricity. We verified the equilibrium and auditory characteristics by measuring the changes in voltage with inclination, vibration over a wide frequency range, and sound waves. We elucidated experimentally that the intelligence has optimum morphological conditions. This work has the possibility of advancing the novel technology of state-of-the-art social robotics.

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Section: Anatomical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equilibrium Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Fabrication of Equilibrium and Auditory Sensors through Electrolytic Polymerization on Hybrid Fluid Rubber (HF Rubber) for Smart Materials of Robotics

Shimada

2022

Sensors

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“…To simulate the canal neuromast, a blind hole was designed inside the encapsulation layer to filter out the interference of shear force, so that the embedded artificial hair cells could accurately capture the normal pressure of the surrounding flow field (Figure 3d). 14 Studies have revealed that the biological hair cell achieved an ultra-high sensitivity within a wide pressure range through unique structural mechanics and materials, 46,47 which greatly inspire the design of artificial hair cells (Figure 3e). The Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheet as a 2D material possesses a possibility to create ultrahigh unit area capacitances due to its fast faradic reaction with acidic electrolytes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultrahighly Pressure Sensitive Electronic Fish Skin for Underwater Wave Sensing

Yang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Underwater flexible sensors have a future for wide application, which is promising for attaching them to underwater creatures to monitor vital signals and biomechanical analysis of their motion and perceive tiny environmental disturbances. However, the pressure waves induced by biological swimming are extremely weak and susceptible to undercurrents, making them difficult to sense. Here, we report an ultrahighly sensitive biomimetic electronic fish skin designed by embedding an artificial pseudocapacitive-based hair cell into a simulated canal neuromast encapsulation structure, in which the artificial hair cell, as the key sensitive unit, is assembled from hybrid film electrodes and polyurethane–acidic electrolyte foam. Such a film is prepared by inter-cross-linking MXene and holey reduced graphene oxide with the assistance of l-cysteine, effectively increasing the interfacial capacitance and alleviating the oxidation issues of MXene. Meanwhile, the acidic foam with high porosity shows great compressibility to adapt to a high-pressure underwater environment. Consequently, the device exhibits ultrahighly sensitivity (maximum sensitivity ∼173688 kPa–1) over a wide range of depths (0–100 m) and remains stable after 10000 repeated tests. As an example case, the device is integrated as a motion monitoring system to identify the minor disturbances triggered by instantaneous postural changes of fish. The electronic fish skin is expected to demonstrate enormous potentials in flow field monitoring, ocean current detecting, and even seismic waves warning.

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Using Advanced 2D Materials to Closely Mimic Vestibular Hair Cell Sensors

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Morphological Fabrication of Equilibrium and Auditory Sensors through Electrolytic Polymerization on Hybrid Fluid Rubber (HF Rubber) for Smart Materials of Robotics

Morphological Fabrication of Equilibrium and Auditory Sensors through Electrolytic Polymerization on Hybrid Fluid Rubber (HF Rubber) for Smart Materials of Robotics

An Ultrahighly Pressure Sensitive Electronic Fish Skin for Underwater Wave Sensing

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