“…Notably, these skills have been applicable for a broad range of practitioners including K-12 teachers and administrators; and higher education faculty members, administrators, and student, personnel service leaders. In previous research, use of these Program Design Concepts has been shown to influence students' efforts during the EdD program (Buss, 2018b;Buss & Avery, 2017;Perry, 2012;Perry et al, 2015;Zambo et al, 2014). Nevertheless, much less is known about whether and how program graduates have continued to use these skills beyond the program.…”