Using a thermistor flowmeter with attached video camera for monitoring sponge excurrent speed and oscular behaviour

Strehlow, Brian; Jorgensen, Damien; Webster, Nicole S.; Pineda, Mari Carmen; Duckworth, Alan

doi:10.7717/peerj.2761

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Osculum contractions subsequent to decreasing exhalant jet speed in the demosponge species Tethya crypta (Reiswig 1971b) and Cliona orientalis (Strehlow et al 2016) further suggest that osculum dynamics follow changes in choanocyte flagellar beating activity (Reiswig 1971b). Variations in OSA as a response to changes in the activity of choanocyte pumps may enable sponges to maintain a constant velocity of the exhalant jet efficiently removing the excurrent water (Bidder 1923, Reiswig 1971b).…”

Section: Relationship Between Osculum Dynamics and Filtration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Osculum dynamics and filtration activity in small single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea

Kumala

Riisgård²,

Canfield³

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Contraction−inflation behavior, including the closure and opening of the exhalant opening (osculum), is common among sponges. This behavior may temporally affect filtration activity, making it difficult to study and understand sponge feeding biology. To examine the interplay between osculum dynamics and filtration activity, small (18 mm 3 ) single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea were studied. Time-lapse video stereo-microscope recordings of the osculum cross-sectional area (OSA) were made simultaneously with measurements of the filtration rate (~15°C, ~20 PSU) using the clearance method. Osculum dynamics, as expressed by temporal variation of the OSA, including osculum contraction and expansion, correlated with variability in the explant filtration rate, and no water pumping was observed during periods of osculum closure. A linear relationship between filtration rate (FR) and OSA revealed a constant exhalant jet velocity: v jet = FR/OSA = 2.3 ± CI 95% 0.13 cm s , which is 2 to 3 times higher than that reported for larger individuals of H. panicea with multiple oscula. This is the first demonstration of a direct relationship between filter feeding and osculum dynamics in a sponge.

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Section: Relationship Between Osculum Dynamics and Filtration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Osculum dynamics and filtration activity in small single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea

Kumala

Riisgård²,

Canfield³

2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Sponges lack true organs, muscles (Pavans de Ceccatty, 1986, 1989) and a nervous system (Jones, 1962;Pavans de Ceccatty, 1974), but they nevertheless possess coordinated contractile behavior as a response to external (Elliott and Leys, 2007) and internal stimuli (Reiswig, 1971a). This behavior includes contraction and inflation of the sponge body as well as the inhalant (ostia) and exhalant (oscula) openings (Prosser et al, 1962;Reiswig, 1971a;Gaino et al, 1991;Nickel et al, 2006;Elliott and Leys, 2007;Strehlow et al, 2016). As a possible consequence of their contractile behavior (Reiswig, 1971a), sponges arrest their pumping activity in regular as well as irregular intervals with time scales ranging from minutes to several days (Patterson et al, 1997;Tompkins-MacDonald and Leys, 2008;McMurray et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraction Dynamics and Respiration of Small Single-Osculum Explants of the Demosponge Halichondria panicea

Kumala

Canfield

2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sponges pump large amounts of seawater through their water canal system, providing both food and oxygen to the sponge body. Sponge pumping activity may show considerable variation as a consequence of contractile behavior, which includes contraction and expansion of the exhalant opening (osculum) in regular or irregular time intervals. The present study unravels short-and long-term effects of contractionexpansion events on the respiration rate of small single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea. Based on simultaneous video-microscopic timelapse recordings of osculum cross-sectional area (OSA) and projected area (A), combined with respiration rate measurements, we further evaluate the role of pumping activity for oxygen uptake in the explants. Pumping dynamics were expressed by cyclic contraction-expansion events of the OSA and A, including osculum closure with a mean duration of 37.5 ± CI 95% 13.7 min. The respiration rate of sponge explants remained relatively constant at 0.046 ± CI 95% 0.014 µmol O 2 h −1 (i.e., 7.41 µmol O 2 h −1 g −1 DW sponge) during contraction-expansion cycles, but with a marginal decrease of 9.6% during osculum closure. Periods of pumping cessation during osculum closure likely caused reduced oxygen levels in the sponge body, increasing the oxygen gradient between the environment and the sponge interior, allowing enhanced diffusion of oxygen across the explant surface. This is a key mechanism for balancing respiratory demands during sponge contractions. While contractile behavior is only marginally associated with decreased respiratory demands in small single-osculum H. panicea explants, it may control the degree of internal oxygen depletion and thereby ensure maintenance of sponge-associated microorganisms during non-pumping periods.

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“…De Vos et al, 1991;Schönberg, 2000;Rüt-zler, 2002). In many Clionaida the pores are contractile (Emson, 1966;Strehlow et al, 2016), or are protected by a palisade of spicules (De Vos et al, 1991;Rützler, 2002;Schön-berg, 2015), allowing further control of what will enter the sponge.…”

Section: Entobia Bronn 1837mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical and new bioerosion trace fossils in Cretaceous belemnite guards characterised via micro-CT

et al. 2017

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Using a thermistor flowmeter with attached video camera for monitoring sponge excurrent speed and oscular behaviour

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

Osculum dynamics and filtration activity in small single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea

Osculum dynamics and filtration activity in small single-osculum explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea

Contraction Dynamics and Respiration of Small Single-Osculum Explants of the Demosponge Halichondria panicea

Classical and new bioerosion trace fossils in Cretaceous belemnite guards characterised via micro-CT

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