Using a Small Ring and a Fall-Cone to Determine the Plastic Limit

Feng, Tao

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2004)130:6(630)

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For LL, the Casagrande cup (ASTM, ), drop cone penetrometer (BS, ), and the new calibration lines for the drop cone penetrometer liquid limit methods (Hrubesova, Lunackova, & Brodzki, ) are used in different places. For PL, the thread rolling (PL thread ), rolling device (PL device ) (Bobrowski & Griekspoor, ), modified fall cone (using different cone geometry) (Rashid, Kassim, Katimon, & Noor, ), modified weight (using heavier cone) (Wood & Wroth, ), modified container (using smaller soil container) (Feng, ) and motorized device (Kayabali, ) are used. The two commonly used methods are the Casagrande cup and 30° drop cone penetrometer methods for the LL and the thread rolling and rolling device methods for the PL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Rehman

Pouladi

Pulido-Moncada

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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The Atterberg limits (plastic limit [PL] and liquid limit [LL]) of fine‐grained soils are important for civil engineering and agronomic applications. Several methodologies exist to determine the PL and LL, each with associated merits and shortcomings. The reproducibility and uncertainties associated with the various methods have not been evaluated for different samples that differ in terms of clay mineralogy and geologic origin. The objectives were to (i) assess the repeatability of two methods each for determining the PL (thread rolling and rolling device) and LL (Casagrande cup and drop cone penetrometer), and compare the subsequent plasticity indexes for 30 samples from 10 countries; and (ii) evaluate the effect of particle size (2 mm and 425 µm) on the plastic and liquid limits for 28 Venezuelan samples. For the PL, the repeatability (estimated as the repeatability coefficient, RC, among replications) for the thread rolling and rolling device methods was similar (2.28 and 2.39%, respectively). For the LL, the drop cone method was 16% more repeatable than the Casagrande cup method. There was a strong correlation between the two respective methods for PL (r2 = 0.98) and LL (r2 = 0.99). For samples that have LL < 45, the LL from the Casagrande cup was slightly higher than LL from the drop cone, and vice versa for samples with LL > 45%. No significant differences were observed between PL measured on <2‐mm or <425‐µm samples; for samples with LL < 35% the two particle sizes gave similar values. There were however larger discrepancies between the two particle sizes for samples with LL > 36%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Rehman

Pouladi

Pulido-Moncada

et al. 2020

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…From the studies of few last decades, it can be shown that the determination of atterberg limits using fall cone test method has become well known to the Geotechnical related researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Several researchers have already tried to find out the difference or the comparison of Casagrande and fall cone penetrometer method in the region-based study.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Consistency Behavior and Shear Strength of Clayey Soils of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh

Nandy¹

2019

JCCEE

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This paper aims at introducing the Fall Cone Test (FCT) to obtain the shear strength of clayey soils and reveals its applicability by comparing the results obtained from that of Unconfined Compression Test (UCT). Furthermore, the liquid and plastic limit obtained from Casagrande method also compared with that obtained from FCT. For these, soils were collected from Godagari, Tanore, and Nauhata from Rajshahi District (RD). At first, Hydrometer analysis was performed in each soil to know the physical properties. Then Atterberg Limit test was carried out by considering Casagrande Method. After that UCT was shown in each land to find the shear strength of the clay soils. Lastly, FCT was conducted to find out the shear strength, LL and PL. FCT shows a lower amount of liquid and plastic limit than the values measured in the Casagrande Method except plastic limit for Tanore for FCT whereas Godagari shows the higher value of shear strength considering FCT. This research can be concluded with further research should be conducted to ensure its accuracy. On the other hand, it can be drawn which soil have more consistency and shear strength considering others.

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“…Simply based on analysis of historical data, as the ratio of strengths at the PL and LL varies substantially between soils, these strength-based approaches can only coincidentally give correct PL values, actually measuring what might be termed the plastic strength limit (PL 100 ); that is the water content corresponding to s uFC ¼ 100 Â s uFC(LL) . Fall cone Belviso et al, 1985;Wasti, 1987;Harison, 1988;Feng, 2000Feng, , 2001Feng, , 2004Koumoto & Houlsby, 2001;Sharma & Bora, 2003;Lee & Freeman, 2009;Shimobe, 2010;Sivakumar et al, 2015), steady monotonic penetration (Stone & Phan, 1995;Stone & Kyambadde, 2007), fast-static loading (Sivakumar et al, 2009) and extrusion (Timár, 1974;Whyte, 1982;Medhat & Whyte, 1986;Kayabali & Tufenkci, 2010a, 2010bKayabali, 2011aKayabali, , 2011bKayabali, , 2012Kayabali et al, 2016) approaches for PL determination have all been suggested as alternatives to the standard thread-rolling approach. As mechanical tests, these strength-based approaches are seen by some researchers as means of achieving higher degrees of repeatability and reproducibility of results, although, to date, most fall-cone research has been conducted on well-behaved clay-rich soils that lie above the A-line on the standard plasticity chart.…”

Section: Strength-based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of fall cones to determine Atterberg limits: a review

2018

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This paper reviews the percussion-cup liquid limit, thread-rolling plastic limit (PL) and various fall-cone and other approaches employed for consistency limit determinations on fine-grained soil, highlighting their use and misuse for soil classification purposes and in existing correlations. As the PL does not correspond to a unique value of remoulded undrained shear strength, there is no scientific reason why PL measurements obtained using the thread-rolling and shear-strength-based fall-cone or extrusion methods should coincide. Various correlations are established relating liquid limit values deduced using the percussion-cup and fall-cone approaches. The significance of differences in the strain-rate dependency on the mobilised fall-cone shear strength is reviewed. The paper concludes with recommendations on the standardisation of international codes and the wider use of the fall-cone approach for soft to medium-stiff clays in establishing the strength variability with changing water content and further index parameters.

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Using a Small Ring and a Fall-Cone to Determine the Plastic Limit

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Repeatability and agreement between methods for determining the Atterberg limits of fine‐grained soils

Comparative Study of Consistency Behavior and Shear Strength of Clayey Soils of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh

Use of fall cones to determine Atterberg limits: a review

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