Using a professional DSLR camera to measure total shrinkage of resin composites

Abstract

This study evaluated the optical method for measuring free total shrinkage using a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera. Eight composites were evaluated, conventional, bulk fill and low-shrinkage: Z100 (3M Oral Care), Gradia Direct Anterior (GC corporation), Spectra Smart (Dentsply), Filtek Z350 XT (3M Oral Care), Aura Bulk Fill (SDI), Vittra APS (FGM), Opus Bulk Fill APS (FGM), and Beautifil II LS (Shofu Inc.). The samples (6 mm diameter and 1.5 mm thick, n = 10) were placed on a polyvinylsiloxane impression material. An image of the uncured sample was captured using a DSLR camera with 105 mm macro lens and a ring flash. Samples were light cured with a 700 mW/cm 2 LED light-cure unit for 40s. Post-polymerization images were captured at 2, 10 and 60 min. Projected circumferential areas of the specimens were drawn using the ImageJ software. Volumetric total shrinkage was calculated from the ratio of the areas obtained from pre-and post-curing. Results were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Tukey test. Volumetric total shrinkage values were significantly different among the composite materials (p < .001). The volumetric shrinkage (%) mean and results of Tukey test at 60 min were: Z100: 3.45±0.30 (A);

Assessment of Micro-Hardness, Degree of Conversion, and Flexural Strength for Single-Shade Universal Resin Composites

“…Limited research and information are available on the mechanical, spectral, and structural properties of seven different SsURCs. Color adjustment potential [19,20], shade match [21], optical behavior [22], color stability [1], cytotoxicity [23], F S , and E M [24,25] of Omnichroma; quasi-static and viscoelastic behavior [26] of Charisma Diamond and Omnichroma; shrinkage [27], color change, surface roughness [28], micro-hardness [29] and contrast ratio of Vittra APS; color stability [30], F S and depth of cure [31] of Optishade; color stability, surface properties [1,32], shrinkage stress, E M [33] and DC [34] of Admira fusion X-tra; F S , E M , [35], color stability [36][37][38] of Essentia have been evaluated and investigated in previous research [19,24,38].…”

Formulation and Characterization of Experimental Adhesive Systems Charged with Different Concentrations of Nanofillers: Physicomechanical Properties and Marginal Gap Formation

“…Regarding the bond strength, the different types of composites did not influence the results obtained. It is noteworthy that both were applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, that is, the conventional one by the incremental technique and the bulk-fill by the single-increment technique, which may have compensated for the fact that the conventional composite presented a very high polymerization shrinkage, higher than bulk-fill [49]. Other studies [50,51] also found similar bond strength values between bulk-fill and conventional composites when applied by the recommended techniques.…”

“…The use of bulk-fill and conventional composites in this study was based on differences regarding the polymerization shrinkage [49] of both and, consequently, on the behavior that they could develop related to the shrinkage stresses generated at the bonding interface in cavities of high cavity configuration factor (Class I). Regarding the bond strength, the different types of composites did not influence the results obtained.…”