“…In the perspective of researchers, the tourism planning framework proposed by Zain (2011) is better suited for implementation in areas of the mangrove ecosystem that already host tourist attractions or have established walking tourism routes, such as TMC (e.g Muchibi, 2015;Nugraha et al, 2015;Pranatha et al, 2015;Idajati et al, 2016;Wakyudi, 2016;Ambarita, 2017;Juhariah, 2017;Wijaya, 2020;Kasim, 2021;Rahayu, 2021;Ramadhan, 2021;Santoso et al 2021;Cheris et al, 2022). Conversely, this planning concept appears to be less suitable for areas within the mangrove ecosystem lacking tourist attractions, protected zones, or defined boundaries (such e.g., Abdullah et al 2014;Purnomo et al 2015;DasGupta & Shaw, 2016;Setiawan, 2016;Umilia & Asbar, 2016;Hutabarat, 2018;Damastuti & de Groot, 2019;Martínez-Espinosa et al 2020;Miller et al 2020;Valenzuela et al 2020;Arumugam et al 2021;Aulia et al 2021;Ely et al, 2021;Handayani, 2021;Rakotomahazo et al 2021;Suyadi et al 2021;Wahyurini et al 2021;Gómez-Ruiz et al 2022: Nyangoko et al 2022. This is because during the inventory phase, the study involves both physical and non-physical information about mangrove areas for planning purposes, serving as both supporting and primary data.…”