Using a multi-stakeholder approach to increase value for traditional agroforestry systems: the case of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in Kilifi, Kenya

Abstract

The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is an integral component of many dryland farming systems in sub-Sahara Africa. Such traditional agroforestry systems can foster a variety of benefits; besides positive livelihood implications baobab can particularly address food security objectives due to its highly nutritious fruits. However, many bottlenecks persist inhibiting the broader potential of indigenous trees in farming systems and their increased utilisation and commercialisation. We suggest that traditional farming systems with baobab trees can be advanced by stimulating the emergence of local markets for baobab products while promoting businesses and innovations aimed at meeting the arising market demand. Increasing the perceived value of local agroforestry products in combination with facilitating additional commercialisation pathways will in turn lead to food security and livelihood benefits. Using a multi-stakeholder approach such considerations were put into practice in Kilifi, Kenya, by initiating a community-based enterprise development producing high-quality baobab powder and oil. Initial results demonstrate behavioural changes, an improved practical knowhow with regard to baobab management and utilisation, and an increased consumption of baobab, which may already contribute to food security objectives. Baobab is increasingly seen as a valuable resource as opposed to ‘food for the poor’ and a tree possessed by evil spirits. This may lay the groundwork for further value addition activities and enterprise development in the communities. With baobab being a common, yet so far underutilised feature of local farming systems in Kilifi, activities based on its increasing commercialisation can be complementary and easily integrable to prevailing livelihood strategies.

Revitalizing indigenous ways of maintaining food security in a changing climate: review of the evidence base from Africa

“…Similarly, Azam-Ali (2007) indicated that the adoption of multi-cropping systems with indigenous crops is critical in combating climatic risks. Indigenous people are important in agroforestry programs of indigenous fruit trees (Jusu and Cuni-Sanchez, 2017; Meinhold and Darr, 2020). Agroforestry can be an opportunity for implementing afforestation and reforestation projects that are important in addressing deforestation and desertification threats in SSA.…”

“…Similar calls for interventions to unlock the potential of indigenous and traditional foods are made by Cloete and Idsardi (2013). More efforts toward value addition and marketing to realize the full benefits of such foods need to be considered (Dovie et al , 2007; Meinhold and Darr, 2020). Overall, individual countries need to formulate and strengthen policies that promote the continued use of IK in food systems.…”

“…tamarid (Tamarindus indica), kei-apple (Dovyalis caffra), Mimusops zeyheriMithofer and Waibel, 2003;Wynberg et al, 2003;Maranz et al, 2004;Nyanga et al, 2008;Jamnadass et al, 2011;van der Stege et al, 2011;Ibnouf, 2012;Stadlmayr et al, 2013; Hiwilepovan Hal et al, 2014;Kiptot et al, 2014;Ayua et al, 2016;Oguntoyinb et al, 2016;Bvenura and Sivakumar, 2017;Ngadze et al, 2017;Achaglinkame et al, 2019;Avakoudjo et al, 2020;Chawafambira et al, 2020;Meinhold and Darr, 2020; al., 2020a Edible insects largely dominated by the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera Illgner and Nel, 2000; Twine et al, 2003; Dzerefos and Witkowski, 2014; Kelemu et al, 2015; Niassy et al, 2016; Netshifhefhe et al, 2018; Sere et al, 2018; Coley et al, 2020 Vegetables traditional leafy vegetables include wild and domesticated speciesShayanowako et al, 2021;Mwadzingeni et al, 2021;Mncwango et al, 2020;Aderibigbe et al, 2020;Maroyi, 2020;Krause et al, 2019aKrause et al, , 2019bMungofa et al, 2018;Bvenura and Sivakumar, 2017;Gogo et al, 2016;Mayekiso et al, 2017;Ayua et al, 2016;Oguntoyinb et al, 2016;Chipungahelo, 2015;Maroyi, 2013;Ibnouf, 2012;Mooketsi and Gestring, 2011;Masarirambi et al, 2010;Vorster Ineke et al, 2007;…”

Analytical Model for the Development Strategy of a Low-Density Territory: The Montesinho Natural Park

“…Some scholars have been stressing the role of the development of new business models (BMs) in agroforestry and tourism activities, as part of an inclusive and sustainable approach, as an effective economic driver in the structurally weak low-density rural regions [17,18]. This would enable them to attract people and new business to the region and to promote its sustainable development, a concept that integrates the social, economic and environmental spheres [19].…”

Rediscovering the Contributions of Forests and Trees to Transition Global Food Systems

“…However, bottlenecks limit the benefits from indigenous fruits produced in traditional agroforestry systems [91], among them market insufficiencies and failures such as limited demand, inadequate supply, and marketing channels or supply control mechanisms [92][93][94]. One strategy to realize the potential of native fruit tree species in traditional agroforestry systems to enhance food security, livelihoods, and resilience for future challenges, is to stimulate emergence of markets and development and promotion of businesses and innovations to meet the arising market demand [95].…”