Using a micro electroporation chip to determine the optimal physical parameters in the uptake of biomolecules in HeLa cells

Nonlinear Transmembrane Current Response of Micro Elelectroporation for Human Cancer Cells

“…9, the transmembrane currents under different electric pulses (amplitude from IV to 6V and the pulses duration of 0.2ms, 0.8ms and 2ms) were recorded. Similar to the result previously obtained from fluorescence microscopy with Propidium Iodide(PI) dye indicator [7], the EP current can only be detected when exteral applied voltage is larger than some critical value, e.g. 3 V in 0.2 ms and 2 V in 0.8 ms and 2 ins.…”

“…The permeability of the cell membrane can be easily quantified by fluorescence microscopy [5]. The number of molecules of different sizes taken up by cells has also been studied under various electric pulse amplitudes and durations [6,7]. At the same time, the measurements of the cellular electrical properties change during electroporation, such as transmembrane voltage Um(t), or transmembrane current IJm(t), provide another way to describe cell membrane's permeability [8].…”

“…This can prevent the electroplated structure from being attacked, and ensures that it is consistent with the original design. The detailed fabrication process was described elsewhere [7]. A photo of a packaged micro EP chip and the SEM close-up view of the fabricated 3D electrode structures are shown in Fig.…”

Equivalent Pulse Parameters for Electroporation

“…The role of pulse parameters in the efficiency of electroporation was already systematically addressed in several studies [1], [12], [15], [32]- [37]. In some of these studies, the authors also tried to determine the mathematical relations between pulse parameters that lead to the same efficiency of electroporation [33]- [35], [38]- [40]. We describe them in more detail in Section II.…”

Optoelectronic Tweezers for the Manipulation of Cells, Microparticles, and Nanoparticles

“…Currently, electroporation can be performed in a bulk procedure (Neumann et al, 1982) on thousands or millions of cells, restricting selectivity, or at the individual cell level (Lundqvistet al, 1998), in a time-and labor-intensive procedure. Although microfabricated devices have the potential to achieve electroporation at the single-cell level, with increased throughput (He et al, 2007;Khine et al, 2007;MacQueen et al, 2008;Yamada et al, 2008;Adamo & Jensen, 2008), this goal has not yet been achieved. The OET device can be utilized as a platform to perform selective individual cell electroporation in parallel (Valley et al, 2009).…”