Using a Lidar-Based Height Variability Method for Recognizing and Analyzing Fault Displacement and Related Fossil Mass Movement in the Vipava Valley, SW Slovenia

Abstract

The northern slopes of the Vipava Valley are defined by a thrust front of Mesozoic carbonates over Tertiary flysch deposits. These slopes are characterized by a variety of different surface forms, among which recent and fossil polygenetic landslides are the most prominent mass movements. We used the height variability method as a morphometric indicator, which proved to be the most useful among the various methods for quantifying and visualizing fossil landslides. Height variability is based on the difference in elevations derived from a high-resolution lidar-derived DEM. Based on geologic field mapping and geomorphometric analysis, we distinguished two main types of movements: structurally induced movement along the fault zone and movements caused by complex Quaternary gravitational slope processes. The most pronounced element is the sliding of the huge rotational carbonate massif, which was displaced partly along older fault structures in the hinterland of fossil rock avalanches and carbonate blocks. In addition to the material properties of the lithology, the level of surface roughness also depends on the depositional processes of the individual sedimentary bodies. These were formed by complex sedimentary events and are intertwined in the geological past. The sedimentary bodies indicate two large fossil rock avalanches, while the smaller gravity blocks indicate translational–rotational slides of carbonate and carbonate breccia.

Revealing Subtle Active Tectonic Deformation: Integrating Lidar, Photogrammetry, Field Mapping, and Geophysical Surveys to Assess the Late Quaternary Activity of the Sava Fault (Southern Alps, Slovenia)

“…Small-scale geomorphic indicators were discovered, enabling us to measure the possible displacements that occurred since the end of Late Pleistocene. High-resolution datasets were previously successfully employed in this region to study small-scale geomorphological features to understand landslide and alluvial fan activity [122][123][124] as well as to derive the age of alluvial surfaces [112].…”

Special Issue “Mapping and Monitoring of Geohazards with Remote Sensing Technologies”

“…The identification of Fossil Mass Movements is an intriguing subject. Popit et al [12] conducted a geomorphometric analysis using a high-resolution lidar-derived DEM for the quantification and the visualization of fossil landslides. The proposed methodology was applied at Vipava Valley (SW Slovenia).…”