Using a glucose meter to quantitatively detect disease biomarkers through a universal nanozyme integrated lateral fluidic sensing platform

Zhang

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

et al. 2021

Conventional cancer treatments, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have achieved significant progress in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, some limitations (such as toxic side effects) are still existing for conventional therapies, which motivate efforts toward developing novel theranostic avenues. Owning many merits such as easy surface modification, unique optical properties, and high biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs and GNPs) have been engineered to serve as targeted delivery vehicles, molecular probes, sensors, and so on. Their small size and surface characteristics enable them to extravasate and access the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a promising solution to realize highly effective treatments. Moreover, stimuli-responsive properties (respond to hypoxia and acidic pH) of nanoparticles to TME enable GNPs’ unrivaled control for effective transport of therapeutic cargos. In this review article, we primarily introduce the basic properties of GNPs, further discuss the recent progress in gold nanoparticles for cancer theranostics, with an additional concern about TME stimuli-responsive studies.

Section: Gold Nanoparticles In Biomarker Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Theranostics

Zhang

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

et al. 2021

“…The immunocomplex was initially performed on a traditional LFS where the test and control lines were cut and immersed into sucrose solution. The invertase can convert sucrose into glucose which can be subsequently measured by a PGM [86]. The use of PGM was also established for quantification of phosphor-p53 15 (a biomarker for gamma radiation exposure).…”

Section: With Permission From John Wiley and Sonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzyme-generated electroactive products have been widely studied [ 73 , 74 , 78 , 81 – 84 , 86 , 88 ] to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the system. However, the immobilization and stabilization of the enzyme can be complicated, which could also increase the cost of the sensor and affect the overall stability of the system.…”

Section: Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assay (Ec-lfa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating high-performing electrochemical transducers in lateral flow assay

Perju

Wongkaew

2021

Anal Bioanal Chem

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the best-performing and best-known point-of-care tests worldwide. Over the last decade, they have experienced an increasing interest by researchers towards improving their analytical performance while maintaining their robust assay platform. Commercially, visual and optical detection strategies dominate, but it is especially the research on integrating electrochemical (EC) approaches that may have a chance to significantly improve an LFA’s performance that is needed in order to detect analytes reliably at lower concentrations than currently possible. In fact, EC-LFAs offer advantages in terms of quantitative determination, low-cost, high sensitivity, and even simple, label-free strategies. Here, the various configurations of EC-LFAs published are summarized and critically evaluated. In short, most of them rely on applying conventional transducers, e.g., screen-printed electrode, to ensure reliability of the assay, and additional advances are afforded by the beneficial features of nanomaterials. It is predicted that these will be further implemented in EC-LFAs as high-performance transducers. Considering the low cost of point-of-care devices, it becomes even more important to also identify strategies that efficiently integrate nanomaterials into EC-LFAs in a high-throughput manner while maintaining their favorable analytical performance.

“…Zhu et al, for example, have introduced a personal glucose meter readout system for an 8-OHdG LFIA. 32 However, despite its highly sensitive assay performance, it requires multiple steps including reagent addition, as well as a long assay time. The timely and userfriendly access to quantitative information is a key factor when considering the suitability of an assay for home-based testing by general users.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Text-Displaying Semiquantitative Competitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay Relying on Inkjet-Printed Patterns

Misawa

Yamamoto²,

Hiruta

et al. 2020

ACS Sens.

This work describes a colorimetric signaling approach for competitive lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) enabling sensitive and semiquantitative direct visual result readout in the form of "text", demonstrated on the example of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) detection. The distinctive feature of the developed text-displaying LFIA (TD-LFIA) is the test zone system consisting of a combination of two types of inkjet-deposited capture molecules referred to as "mask antigen" and "text antibody", allowing for sensitive turn-on signaling as opposed to the inverse response of conventional competitive LFIAs. The user operation is limited to sample application, followed by direct reading of assay results written in text after approximately 10 min. TD-LFIAs enabled the visual detection of 8-OHdG at concentrations down to 3 ng/mL, which is a 2−3 orders of magnitude lower visual detection limit than that achieved with the corresponding conventional design and is comparable to the existing LFIAs relying on external signal readout equipment. Highly reproducible observer-independent assay performance was confirmed, and the result interpretation is not influenced by sample color and readout timing. Making use of customizable threshold settings for text appearance, a device for semiquantitative assays was developed and successfully applied to the detection of 8-OHdG at four concentration levels (trace, low, medium, and high) in 54 human urine samples within the clinically relevant concentration range. The sensitive and intuitive signaling method of the developed system offers great potential for an alternative competitive LFIA platform suitable for real-world point-of-care testing applications.