“…Uniquely, middle level learners are also advantaged with having amplified imaginations and higher levels of abstract thinking (Joseph, 2010). For dual language learning, middle level students' intellectual development and broad spectrum of thinking serves to fundamentally support biliteracy development in ways that differ from elementary school settings (Molle, Sato, Boals, & Hedgspeth, 2015;Moore & Schleppegrell, 2014). With this in mind, middle level dual language teachers can tap into their students' abstract, intellectual strengths to solidify collaboration among culturally and linguistically diverse students (Cummins, 2014;Klassen & Krawchuk, 2009).…”