Using a Finite Element Model to Evaluate Human Injuries Application to the HUMOS Model in Whiplash Situation

Tropiano, Patrick; Thollon, Lionel; Arnoux, Pierre‐Jean; Huang, Russel C.; Kayvantash, Kambiz; Poitout, Dominique G.; Brunet, Christian

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000135840.92373.5c

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The development of more sophisticated and anatomically accurate models of the human cervical spine using finite element models (FEM) to study cervical-spine injury has provided the motivation for the current study [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. FEM are used to study how variations in initial head/neck posture, cervical-spine curvature, and occupant age/gender/stature affect the likelihood of neck injury in rear MVC, because results of laboratory studies indicate that the likelihood of injury may depend on the initial alignment of the vertebrae [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Cervical-Spine Curvature Using Bézier Splines

Klinich¹,

Ebert²,

Reed

2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Knowledge of the distributions of cervical-spine curvature is needed for computational studies of cervical-spine injury in motor-vehicle crashes. Many methods of specifying spinal curvature have been proposed, but they often involve qualitative assessment or a large number of parameters. The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative method of characterizing cervical-spine curvature using a small number of parameters. 180 sagittal X-rays of subjects seated in automotive posture with their necks in neutral, flexed, and extended postures were collected in the early 1970s. Subjects were selected to represent a range of statures and ages for each gender. X-rays were reanalyzed using advanced technology and statistical methods. Coordinates of the posterior margins of the vertebral bodies and dens were digitized. Bézier splines were fit through the coordinates of these points. The interior control points that define the spline curvature were parameterized as a vector angle and length. By defining the length as a function of the angle, cervical-spine curvature was defined with just two parameters: superior and inferior Bézier angles. A classification scheme was derived to sort each curvature by magnitude and type of curvature (lordosis versus S-shaped versus kyphosis; inferior or superior location). Cervical-spine curvature in an automotive seated posture varies with gender and age but not stature. Average values of superior and inferior Bézier angles for cervical spines in flexion, neutral, and extension automotive postures are presented for each gender and age group. Use of Bézier splines fit through posterior margins offers a quantitative method of characterizing cervical-spine curvature using two parameters: superior and inferior Bézier angles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Cervical-Spine Curvature Using Bézier Splines

Klinich¹,

Ebert²,

Reed

2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…For instance, they allow planning of surgical procedures [1][2][3], studying the aetiology, progression and effects of spinal deformities [4,5], intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration [6][7][8] or crash injuries [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervertebral disc characterization by shear wave elastography: An in vitro preliminary study

Vergari

Rouch

Dubois

et al. 2014

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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Science Arts & Métiers (SAM)is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. properties remains a challenge. Ultrasound elastography is a relatively recent measurement technique allowing the evaluation of soft tissue's elastic modulus through the measurement of shear wave speed (SWS). The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of elastographic measurements in intervertebral disc (IVD). An in-vitro approach was chosen to test the hypothesis that SWS can be used to evaluate IVD mechanical properties and to assess measurement repeatability. Eleven oxtail IVDs were tested in compression to determine their stiffness and apparent elastic modulus at rest and at 400 N. Elastographic measurements were performed in these two conditions and compared to these mechanical parameters. The protocol was repeated six times to determine elastographic measurement repeatability. Average SWS over all samples was 5.3 ± 1.0 m/s, with a repeatability of 7 % at rest and 4.6 % at 400 N; stiffness and apparent elastic modulus were 266.3 ± 70.5 N/mm and 5.4 ± 1.1 MPa at rest, respectively, while at 400 N they were 781.0 ± 153.8 N/mm and 13.2 ± 2.4 MPa. Correlations were found between elastographic measurements and IVD mechanical properties; these preliminary results are promising for further in-vivo application.

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“…According to our knowledge, at present, it is not possible to truly reproduce the moment of impact, although a few efforts has been made in a past. [34,35] FE models used in cited experiments were extremely complex, did not contain spinal cord and were applicable exclusively for the analyses of traffic-related injuries. We believe that our procedure -designed based on results of experimental studies -allowed to obtain results reflecting the reality at acceptable level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical values of mechanical stress and strain during traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: Clinical study with the use of Finite Element Modelling

Czyż

Tykocki

Miękisiak³

et al. 2016

JBGC

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Study design: Prospective case-control study. Objective: Aim of the study was to assess critical values of mechanical stress and strain in the cervical spinal cord based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of specified clinical cases. Summary of background data: The knowledge about the values and distribution of tension and deformation, which are noted at the moment of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) may enable determination of the range of primary and secondary injury. Methods: Total of 28 patients after cervical spine (C-spine) injury were enrolled, 14 with neurological symptoms of tSCI (study group, SG) and 14 neurologically intact (control group, CG). Both groups were age and sex matched. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of the cervical spinal cord containing dura and pia matter together with denticulate ligament was created. The variable boundary conditions were established individually for each case and allowed to reconstruct the moment of the injury in computer environment. Factors differentiating between SG and CG were tested with multiple logistic regression model. The predictors of ASIA scale outcomes were evaluated in the ordinal multinomial probit regression model. Results: There were no correlations between age, sex and the level of injury and the values of stress and strain. The results in longitudinal axis (z), in stress (OR-6.3; 95%CI 3.94-8.78; p < .033) and strain (OR-7.8; 95%CI 3.03-10.19; p < .046) were the risk factors of neurological deficits after tSCI. The cut off value for stress was 8.1 kPa (sensitivity-85.7%; specificity-78.6%; AUC-0.819, p < .001), and for strain 0.0117 (sensitivity-92.9%; specificity-72.5%; AUC-0.645, p < .001). Results in the longitudinal axis (z), in stress and strain correspond with grading in ASIA scale. One grade change in ASIA scale correlates with the decrease in z axis by 4.01 kPa and 0.012 in stress and strain respectively. Conclusions: The severity of damage of osseous and ligament structures of the spine, significantly influences the range of the mechanical stress applied to the spinal cord. Neural tissue of the spinal cord is the most resistant to the mechanical stimulus acting in sagittal direction, distraction appears to be the most destructive component of the injury phenomenon.

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Using a Finite Element Model to Evaluate Human Injuries Application to the HUMOS Model in Whiplash Situation

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Quantifying Cervical-Spine Curvature Using Bézier Splines

Quantifying Cervical-Spine Curvature Using Bézier Splines

Intervertebral disc characterization by shear wave elastography: An in vitro preliminary study

Critical values of mechanical stress and strain during traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: Clinical study with the use of Finite Element Modelling

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