Using a Clegg Impact Hammer to Measure Snow Strength

Shoop, Sally A.; Knuth, Margaret A.; Crandell, Jill N.

doi:10.1061/9780784412473.080

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typically, both the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) and the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) size Clegg hammers are used to measure natural ground surfaces. Shoop et al (2012) provides a good summary and background on the different Clegg sizes, their uses, and conversion to other strength parameters.…”

Section: Lwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical property measurements on various snow surfaces

Shoop¹,

Wieder²,

Elder³

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

show abstract

Section: Lwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical property measurements on various snow surfaces

Shoop¹,

Wieder²,

Elder³

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Typically, both the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) and the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) size Cleggs are typically used to measure natural ground or uncompacted soil surfaces. Shoop et al (2012) provides a good summary and background on the different Clegg sizes, their use for snow-strength measurement, and conversion to other strength parameters. Clegg measurements were taken at each site using both the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) and the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) weight hammers.…”

Section: Cleggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clegg Impact Values (CIVs) for each site were taken as the average measurement of the third drop for the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) Clegg and the fourth drop for the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) Clegg. CIV values were converted to CBR following equation (1) for the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) Clegg data and equation (2) for the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) Clegg data (Shoop et al 2012;Millar 1977): .…”

Section: Cleggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of field methods for measuring mechanical properties of snow

Shoop¹,

Wieder²,

Elder³

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Winter climates present a variety of surfaces that challenge vehicle mobility. Surfaces range from soft, virgin snow, to groomed snow and ice. This study evaluated the capabilities of various testing devices to measure the mechanical properties of winter surfaces. Concurrent satellite imagery supplemented in situ physical testing. The goals were (1) to find tests that most practically evaluate these winter surfaces for vehicle mobility and (2) to determine if imagery analysis correlates with mechanical properties, thus potentially allowing remote assessment of snow physical and mechanical characteristics.The test methods were typically useful for either virgin snow or groomed snow; no method worked well on all surfaces. Correlations between test devices were generally poor, but there were some important trends identified between (1) tests that measure the near-surface snow strength, (2) tests best suited for stronger snow, (3) the Clegg Impact Hammers and California Bearing Ratio, and (4) the optical imagery and surface drop cones. This study provides a rich dataset for assessing the current state of the art and future research needs for measurement and remote assessment of snow mechanical properties for vehicle mobility prediction.

show abstract

“…Typically, both the 2.25 kg (5.0 lb) and the 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) size Cleggs are used to measure natural ground surfaces. Shoop et al (2012) provides a good summary and background on the different Clegg sizes, their uses, and conversion to other soil strength parameters.…”

Section: Cleggmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clegg Impact Values (CIVs) for each site were taken as the average measurement of the third drop, for the 2.25 kg Clegg, and the fourth drop, for the 0.5 kg Clegg, at each corner. CIV values were converted to CBR following equation (1) for the 2.25 kg Clegg data and equation (2) for the 0.5 kg Clegg data (Shoop et al 2012;Millar 1977).…”

Section: Cleggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil strength analysis of Sonoran Desert landforms

Shoop¹,

Beal²,

Wieder³

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Connecting landforms to soil strength parameters can enable the prediction of soil bearing capacity and shear strength-important information for mobility and dust emission modeling. This project aimed to relate soil strength metrics to geomorphic landforms, focusing on five alluvial and aeolian landform classes in the Sonoran Desert. To achieve this, a variety of soil strength, dust emission, and soil texture measurements were made at 47 sites in California and Arizona; and these data were compared with landform classifications. Measurements of soil bearing capacity and shear strength varied significantly between landform classes. The aeolian landforms had significantly lower bearing capacity and shear strength than the alluvial landforms. The alluvial fan landform demonstrated consistently high soil strength, whereas the alluvial plain landform had relatively high mean soil strength but extreme site variability. The aeolian landforms were dominated by sand, whereas the alluvial landforms presented variable particle size distributions extending into loam and silt-loam classes. Silt and clay content were positively correlated with soil strength across all sites, while sand content was negatively correlated. Only the near-surface soil strength measures from the pocket penetrometer, Torvane, and vane shear correlated with dust emission flux and susceptibility.

show abstract

Using a Clegg Impact Hammer to Measure Snow Strength

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Mechanical property measurements on various snow surfaces

Mechanical property measurements on various snow surfaces

Assessment of field methods for measuring mechanical properties of snow

Soil strength analysis of Sonoran Desert landforms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About