Using a cessation-related outcome index to assess California's cessation progress at the population level

Tang, Hao; Abramsohn, Erin; Park, Hye-Youn; Cowling, D. C.; Al-Delaimy, Wael K.

doi:10.1136/tc.2009.031047

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We reluctantly excluded literature on California's landmark programme, the first to feature a strong TID component, because published reports merged TID and other social norm change components into a single construct; these could not be separately analysed. However, California programme evaluations suggest that TID has been an important element in increasing quitting, reducing smoking prevalence and increasing support for tobacco control 2 3 73–76. Heterogeneity in TID interventions and outcome measures did not allow quantitative analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco industry denormalisation as a tobacco control intervention: a review

Malone

Grundy²,

Bero³

2012

Tob Control

117

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Objective To conduct a review of research examining the effects of tobacco industry denormalisation (TID) on smoking-related and attitude-related outcomes. Methods The authors searched Pubmed and Scopus databases for articles published through December 2010 (see figure 1). We included all peer-reviewed TID studies we could locate that measured smoking-related outcomes and attitudes toward the tobacco industry. Exclusion criteria included: non-English language, focus on tobacco use rather than TID, perceived ad efficacy as sole outcome, complex program interventions without a separately analysable TID component and non peer-reviewed literature. We analysed the literature qualitatively and summarised findings by outcome measured. Results After excluding articles not meeting the search criteria, the authors reviewed 60 studies examining TID and 9 smoking-related outcomes, including smoking prevalence, smoking initiation, intention to smoke and intention to quit. The authors also reviewed studies of attitudes towards the tobacco industry and its regulation. The majority of studies suggest that TID is effective in reducing smoking prevalence and initiation and increasing intentions to quit. Evidence is mixed for some other outcomes, but some of the divergent findings may be explained by study designs. Conclusions A robust body of evidence suggests that TID is an effective tobacco control intervention at the population level that has a clear exposure–response effect. TID may also contribute to other tobacco control outcomes not explored in this review (including efforts to ‘directly erode industry power’), and thus may enhance public support and political will for structural reforms to end the tobacco epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco industry denormalisation as a tobacco control intervention: a review

Malone

Grundy²,

Bero³

2012

Tob Control

117

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“…Previous work has found that although changing social norms at a community level is diffi cult, once accomplished these changes are particularly sustainable (Latkin et al, 2003). For example, anti-smoking campaigns and legislation in the United States have greatly reduced smoking rates on a broad level (Middlestadt et al, 2011;Tang et al, 2010;Zhu et al, 2007). In addition, interventions to reduce drinking and/or alter patterns of substance use have directly targeted changing social norms with some success (LaBrie et al, 2009;Latkin et al, 2009;Moreira et al, 2009;Neighbors et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Substance Use Norms and Perceived Drug Availability Mediate Sexual Orientation Differences in Patterns of Substance Use? Results from the California Quality of Life Survey II

Cochran

Grella

Mays

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Illicit drug and heavy alcohol use is more common among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals. This difference has sometimes been attributed to more tolerant substance use norms within the gay community, although evidence is sparse. The current study investigated the role of perceived drug availability and tolerant injunctive norms in mediating the linkage between minority sexual orientation status and higher rates of prior-year substance use. Method: We used data from the second California Quality of Life Survey (Cal-QOL II), a followback telephone survey in 2008-2009 of individuals fi rst interviewed in the population-based 2007 California Health Interview Survey. The sample comprised 2,671 individuals, oversampled for minority sexual orientation. Respondents were administered a structured interview assessing past-year alcohol and illicit drug use, perceptions of perceived illicit drug availability, and injunctive norms concerning illicit drug and heavier alcohol use. We used structural equation modeling methods to test a mediational model linking sexual orientation and substance use behaviors via perceptions of drug availability and social norms pertaining to substance use. Results: Compared with heterosexual individuals, sexual minorities reported higher levels of substance use, perceived drug availability, and tolerant social norms. A successfully fi tting model suggests that much of the association between minority sexual orientation and substance use is mediated by these sexual orientation-related differences in drug availability perceptions and tolerant norms for substance use. Conclusions: Social environmental context, including subcultural norms and perceived drug availability, is an important factor infl uencing substance use among sexual minorities and should be addressed in community interventions. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 675-685, 2012) A CCUMULATING EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT individuals with minority sexual orientation, regardless of their gender, tend to have higher rates of illicit drug and heavy alcohol use than do their same-gender heterosexual counterparts (Burgard et al., 2005;Cochran et al., , 2004Drabble et al., 2005;Gruskin et al., 2001;Hughes et al., 2010;McCabe et al., 2009;McLaughlin et al., 2010;Talley et al., 2011). Several population-based studies have reported higher rates of illicit drug and alcohol use and problem drinking among homosexually active women compared with exclusively heterosexual women, even after controlling for differences in sociodemographic characteristics (Burgard et al., 2005;Cochran et al., , 2004Drabble et al., 2005;Gruskin et al., 2001;Hughes et al., 2010;McCabe et al., 2009;McLaughlin et al., 2010;Talley et al., 2011). Further, a population-based survey of women ages 18-29 in low-income neighborhoods in northern California found that women who reported having both male and female sexual partners had signifi cantly higher rates of injection drug use compared with others (Scheer et al., 2002). Similarly, studies conducted with m...

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“…California has been a natural laboratory and an exemplar for antismoking policies in the United States and around the world. [1][2][3] Although much progress has been made in the United States and California in reducing tobacco prevalence, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) still impacts more than 126 million nonsmoking Americans. 4 Disproportionate exposure to SHS among minority groups, including Hispanic(s)/Latino(s) (H/L), could exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Hispanics/Latinos Living in Multiunit Housing: Exploring Barriers to New Policies

Baezconde‐Garbanati

Weich-Reushé²,

Espinoza³

et al. 2011

Am J Health Promot

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Purpose Despite a high prevalence of voluntary home smoking bans and laws protecting Californians from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in the workplace, many Hispanic/Latino (H/L) residents of multiunit housing (MUH) are potentially exposed to SHS from neighboring apartments. An advocacy/policy intervention was implemented to reduce tobacco-related health disparities by encouraging H/L living in MUH to implement voluntary policies that reduce exposure to SHS. This article presents findings from qualitative and quantitative data collected during development of the intervention, as well as preliminary results of the intervention. Design, Setting, and Subjects MUH residents in Southern California participated in focus groups (n = 48), door-to-door surveys (n = 142), and a telephone survey (n = 409). Measures Exposure to SHS, attitudes toward SHS, and attitudes toward policies restricting SHS in MUH were assessed. Results H/L MUH residents reported high levels of exposure to SHS and little ability to protect themselves and their families from SHS. Respondents expressed positive attitudes toward adopting antismoking policies in MUH, but they also feared retaliation by smokers. The cultural values of familismo, respeto, simpatía, and personalismo influenced their motivation to protect their families from SHS as well as their reluctance to ask their neighbors to refrain from smoking. Nonsmokers were more likely to favor complete indoor and outdoor smoking bans in MUH, whereas smokers were more likely to favor separate smoking areas. The Regale Salud advocacy/policy intervention, implemented to reduce SHS exposure, prompted the passage of seven voluntary policies in apartment complexes in Southern California to prevent smoking in MUH. Conclusions H/L in California support voluntary policies, local ordinances, and state laws that prevent exposure to SHS in MUH, especially those that are consistent with H/L cultural values and norms for interpersonal communication.

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Using a cessation-related outcome index to assess California's cessation progress at the population level

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Tobacco industry denormalisation as a tobacco control intervention: a review

Tobacco industry denormalisation as a tobacco control intervention: a review

Do Substance Use Norms and Perceived Drug Availability Mediate Sexual Orientation Differences in Patterns of Substance Use? Results from the California Quality of Life Survey II

Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Hispanics/Latinos Living in Multiunit Housing: Exploring Barriers to New Policies

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