Using a 3D Printed “Phantom of the Opera” Soft Tissue Surgical Guide for Complex Facial Reconstruction

Abstract

Computer aided technology in the form of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printed surgical guides can allow for a more accurate reconstruction of complex maxillofacial deformities. While this technology is now routinely used for bony reconstruction, it is rarely utilized for soft tissue. In ballistic injuries there is often disfiguring damage to the soft tissue, with destruction of anatomic landmarks making satisfactory soft tissue reconstruction a unique challenge. In this study, the authors present the application of virtual surgical planning and 3D printed guides, in conjunction with anaplastology, for complex soft tissue reconstruction resulting from a gunshot injury. By combining tangible surgical models and aesthetic judgment in a team setting, it is possible to optimize the efficiency and accuracy of soft tissue reconstruction in the setting of complex facial deformities.

Artificial Intelligence–Based Modeling Can Predict Face Shape Based on Underlying Craniomaxillofacial Bone

“…If premorbid 3D imaging [such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging] is available, the 3D surface of the bone and soft tissue can be generated for use in surgical planning. If only postinjury 3D imaging is available, image processing techniques (eg, mirroring) can be used to virtually reconstruct the normal bone and soft tissue surfaces 6 ; however, this technique is limited to unilateral defects and cannot be performed for large bilateral injuries.…”