Using 3D Printing for Pre-planning of Orthopedic Surgeries, a Review

Abstract

Background: Recent developments in 3D printing have gave orthopedic surgeons among a novel technology that has the ability to revolutionize preoperative planning. The appearance of 3D printing technology (3DPT) enables the digital preoperative plan & simulation to move from the virtual phase to the reality phase. Numerous fields of medicine are lately benefiting from the operate of 3D printing, including the arising part of 3D printing in orthopedic surgery.
 Methods: We searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases in January 2020 to find papers and studies about using 3D printing in orthopedy for aim of preplanning. The key words for search were (“3D printing” OR “3D-printed Model” OR “three-dimensional Printer”) AND (“Orthopedy” OR “Orthopedics” OR “Orthopedics”) AND (“Surgery” OR “Operation”) AND (“Pre-planning” OR “Plan”) AND (“Fracture” OR “Trauma”) that we used compound. We exclude the papers which their titles or abstracts were not relevant. At last, we select the most related papers to use in this article.
 Results: The search on PubMed found 80 Papers and on Google Scholar found 104 papers. After excluding similar and unrelated papers, 44 papers were selected for this review article.
 Conclusion: Almost all studies have shown us that using a 3D model can have a very positive effect on the surgical process and its outcomes, as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction. Therefore, we anticipate that this technology will be used in many orthopedic surgeries in the near future.

Enhancing Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes: The Multifaceted Advantages, Limitations, and Future Directions of 3D Printing Technology

“…The intricate nature of 3D models plays a pivotal role in surgical readiness. It helps surgeons identify and classify bony deficiencies or fractures, presenting a clear advantage over traditional imaging techniques in understanding abnormal bone anatomy [1,9,[17][18][19].…”

“…From treating periacetabular malignant bone tumors with personalized 3D-printed hemi pelvic prostheses to the use of 3D-printed integrated prostheses for acetabular malignancies, the results are promising [ 23 ]. Postoperative results from surgeries that employed 3D printing show improved Harris Scores after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and reduced postoperative weight-bearing times [ 17 , 19 , 26 ]. This was evidently shown in a study that utilized 3D printing technology in THA for 74 patients, with a follow-up period of about 24 months.…”

“…The risk of infection is present due to the ubiquitous dispersal of microorganisms, and 3D-printed hip implants are not exempt from posing this risk to patients and healthcare professionals. When comparing 3D printing groups to common hip replacement groups, studies have shown that the rates of postoperative infection were higher in 3D printing groups [ 1 , 19 , 26 ]. This has to do with many underlying causes, primarily the high porosity and the often-rougher finish that 3D implants have compared to their counterparts, where such surfaces offer ideal environments for bacterial growth and proliferation, ultimately leading to biofilm formation, and potentially leading to severe infections [ 6 , 57 ].…”