Uses of isotopes in organic chemistry

Semenow, Dorothy A.; Roberts, John D.

doi:10.1021/ed033p2

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, supramolecular self-assembly combined with scanning probe methods are first attempts to overcome that barrier at least at a demonstration device level. 8 In spite of the faced problems, the enormous potential of molecular components drive the research towards molecular electronics. Main advantages of single molecules as building blocks to design devices are their intrinsic properties like purity (no defects), shape persistence (monodispersity), modularity (synthetic flexibility), rigidity and supramolecular self-assemble properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Transfer Through Bridging Molecular Structures

Mayor

Büschel

Fromm³

et al. 2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Pairs of reducible pentakis(thiophenyl)benzene subunits are linked by different molecular structures as model compounds for reducible molecular-wire-type synthons showing varying electron-transfer ability as a function of the bridging structures, consisting of either para-divinylbenzene, bis-hydrazone, or diacetylene. Their electron-transfer ability from one reducible subunit to the other was investigated by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. In the case of the bis-hydrazone bridge and the diacetylene bridge, the solid-state structures support the experimental findings. While the para-divinylbenzene bridge completely isolates the reducible subunits (class I system) the diacetylene bridge electronically connects the two reducible structures (class III system), demonstrating its potential application as a "molecular wire." The bis-hydrazone linked dimer displays electronic communication only to a small extend, which was only observed in the spectroelectrochemical investigation. The diacetylene connection as active electron-transfer linker together with poly(thiophenyl)benzene as reducible subunits was used to design more complex molecular architectures. Linear rodlike struktures did allow adjustment of the length of these type of molecular wires and investigation of the extent of electron mobility. Cyclic structures addressed the possibility of moving electrons on a bent molecular wire.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Transfer Through Bridging Molecular Structures

Mayor

Büschel

Fromm³

et al. 2002

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Blades and Steacie (26) have also shown that the toluene carrier technique utilized at ~1100°K. may be complicated by reaction (42); in this case "RH" photobromination value of 88.1 kcal.…”

Section: Thermal Production and Reactions Of Free Alkyl Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In any case, it appears that ethylene may be chiefly re- 16 See ref. (26) for a theoretical discussion of the effect of deuterium substitution on bond energies and activation energies, and ref. (53) (p. 2843) for the explanation of isotope effects in the pyrolysis of a mixture of ethane and ethane-ch sponsible for the polymer formation observed.…”

Section: Cr-+ Cr-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of organic free radicals in the vapor phase. I. Detection and reactions of free alkyl radicals

Mare¹,

Vaughan²

1957

J. Chem. Educ.

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IN THE VAPOR PHASET he problem of assigning a precise definition to the term "free radical" has been adequately and interestingly discussed (1). For the purpose of this review article, any molecule (or atom) possessing an unpaired electron will be considered a free radical in the generally accepted sense. As indicated in the title, the basic chemistry which will be reviewed will concern those processes involving homolytic cleavage or covalent bond rupture in which organic free radicals are produced or participate. Of necessity, some "atom" reactions are involved, but the large group of reactions falling in this class (e.g., reactions of H-) are not considered.posed on the experiments of early years have been and are being rapidly removed with the use of the excellent physical techniques which have now become available, 1 Since this review article was written, a monograph (64) on the kinetics of homogeneous gas reactions has been published. This volume, authored by A. F. Trotman-Dickenson, will be of interest to all students of free radical chemistry. The rate factors associated with a number of different types of radical reactions are tabulated and documented with abundant literature references.

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“…Isotope labels are used in organic chemistry in reaction mechanism elucidation studies. [61] However, atom-to-atom mappers ignore this information and isotopes do not almost influence reaction characteristics (yield, reaction rate). Therefore, to avoid any confusion, we propose to clean up the isotope labels.…”

Section: Cleaning Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Data Curation I: Chemical Structures and Transformations Standardization

Gimadiev

Lin

Afonina

et al. 2021

Molecular Informatics

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The quality of experimental data for chemical reactions is a critical consideration for any reaction-driven study. However, the curation of reaction data has not been extensively discussed in the literature so far. Here, we suggest a 4 steps protocol that includes the curation of individual structures (reactants and products), chemical transformations, reaction conditions and endpoints. Its implementation in Python3 using CGRTools toolkit has been used to clean three popular reaction databases Reaxys, USPTO and Pistachio. The curated USPTO database is available in the GitHub repository (Laboratoire-de-Chemoinformatique/Reaction_Data_Cleaning).

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Uses of isotopes in organic chemistry

Abstract: The purpose of this review is to illustrate a variety of tracer applications by specific examples in the areas of structural determinations, reaction mechanisms, reactivity studies, and kinetic isotope effects.

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Electron Transfer Through Bridging Molecular Structures

Electron Transfer Through Bridging Molecular Structures

Chemistry of organic free radicals in the vapor phase. I. Detection and reactions of free alkyl radicals

Reaction Data Curation I: Chemical Structures and Transformations Standardization

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