Uses of FT-MIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis in Quality Control of Coffee, Cocoa, and Commercially Important Spices

Abstract

Nowadays, coffee, cocoa, and spices have broad applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their organoleptic and nutraceutical properties, which have turned them into products of great commercial demand. Consequently, these products are susceptible to fraud and adulteration, especially those sold at high prices, such as saffron, vanilla, and turmeric. This situation represents a major problem for industries and consumers’ health. Implementing analytical techniques, i.e., Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis, can ensure the authenticity and quality of these products since these provide unique information on food matrices. The present review addresses FT-MIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis application on coffee, cocoa, and spices authentication and quality control, revealing their potential use and elucidating areas of opportunity for future research.

Autentikasi Cepat Kopi Spesialti Arabika Java Preanger Kultivar Typica, Sigarar Utang dan Yellow Bourbon Menggunakan Spektroskopi UV dan Metode PLS-DA

“…Variabel Y di sini adalah kelas yang menjadi target klasifikasi seperti jenis kopi. Saat ini metode terbimbing PLS-DA merupakan salah satu metode yang paling banyak digunakan dalam uji keaslian kopi (Suhandy & Yulia, 2017b;Minh et al, 2022;Castillejos-Mijangos et al, 2022). Dibandingkan metode konvensional seperti HPLC, secara umum metode uji keaslian kopi berbasis spektroskopi memiliki beberapa kelebihan seperti cepat dalam persiapan sampel dengan persiapan sampel minimal atau tanpa persiapan sampel, mudah dalam pengoperasian instrumentasi dan tingkat akurasi yang masih bisa diterima dan sebagian besar melibatkan instrumen tidak merusak (nondestructive and noninvasive) (Zaukuu et al, 2022).…”

Authentication of Cocoa Products Based on Profiling and Fingerprinting Approaches: Assessment of Geographical, Varietal, Agricultural and Processing Features

“…For such a purpose, multivariate data analysis is required to extract the relevant information and discard noise or useless data. Both mid-IR (MIR, 2500–25,000 nm region) and near-IR (NIR, 800–2500 nm region) have been extensively applied to the authentication of foodstuffs in general, and cocoa in particular as has been reviewed by Castillejos-Mijango et al and Teye et al, respectively [ 26 , 27 ]. It is important to note that the generated spectra often require extensive preprocessing to improve their quality and remove background noise, baseline drift, scattering, and other potential deficiencies that otherwise would hinder the analysis.…”

Non-resonant MOEMS mirror for laser cavity-length tuning

“…Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectroscopy relies on characteristic absorption features of, e.g., organic and biomolecules in this wavelength range. It is a widely used method, 1 e.g., in health care and bioscience, 2-4 pharmaceutical industry, 5 food analysis, 6,7 environmental monitoring 8 or forensic entomology. 9 Among other efforts, intensive research is being conducted to develop broadband light sources with high spectral power density and resolution in order to further improve the sensitivity and signal quality of spectroscopy systems.…”