Uses and limits of empirical data in measuring and modeling human lead exposure.

Mushak, Paul

doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61467

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, the lack of measurement data in the village for tapwater and lead bioavailability, which is usually recognized as a determining factor for estimating blood lead level (Mushak 1998), should not represent a major fault. For drinking water, the analysis of observed data showed that there is no significant difference between blood lead level of children drinking tapwater and those drinking bottled water.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Comparison Between Predicted Data And Obsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the Predictions of Two Models with Dose Measurements in a Case Study of Children Exposed to the Emissions from a Lead Smelter

Bonnard

McKone

2009

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Integration of the predictions of two models with dose measurements in a case study of children exposed to the emissions of a lead smelter AbstractThe predictions of two source-to-dose models are systematically evaluated with observed data collected in a village polluted by a currently operating secondary lead smelter. Both models were built up from several sub-models linked together and run using Monte-Carlo simulation, to calculate the distribution children's blood lead levels attributable to the emissions from the facility. The first model system is composed of the CalTOX model linked to a recoded version of the IEUBK model. This system provides the distribution of the media-specific lead concentrations (air, soil, fruit, vegetables and blood) in the whole area investigated. The second model consists of a statistical model to estimate the lead deposition on the ground, a modified version of the model HHRAP and the same recoded version of the IEUBK model. This system provides an estimate of the concentration of exposure of specific individuals living in the study area. The predictions of the first model system were improved in terms of accuracy and precision by performing a sensitivity analysis and using field data to correct the default value provided for the leaf wet density. However, in this case study, the first model system tends to overestimate the exposure due to exposed vegetables. The second model was tested for nine children with contrasting exposure conditions. It managed to capture the blood levels for eight of them. In the last case, the exposure of the child by pathways not considered in the model may explain the failure of the model. The interest of this integrated model is to provide outputs with lower variance than the first model system, but at the moment further tests are necessary to conclude about its accuracy.

show abstract

Section: Limitations Of the Comparison Between Predicted Data And Obsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the Predictions of Two Models with Dose Measurements in a Case Study of Children Exposed to the Emissions from a Lead Smelter

Bonnard

McKone

2009

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Particle size is also a relevant parameter in exposure assessments. Smaller size fractions (< 100 mm) tend to adhere to a child's hand and are thus more likely to be ingested; once ingested, these tend to have a higher bioavailability than larger particles (Barltrop and Meek, 1979;Duggan and Inskip, 1985;Davies et al, 1990;Mushak, 1998;Gulson et al, 1995;Paustenbach et al, 1997 and references cited therein). With respect to the inhalation pathway, particle size is a key parameter: the smaller the aerodynamic diameter, the more likely that a particle will be re-suspended and available for inhalation during cleaning activities.…”

Section: Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies in the U.K. found that 50% of the daily Pb intake of 2-year-old urban children occurs by ingestion of house dust through normal, hand-to-mouth activities (Thornton et al, 1994). Such findings triggered a large research effort into residential exposures to Pb, advantages and disadvantages of various indoor sampling approaches, and abatement technologies (see Lanphear et al, 1998;Adgate et al, 1998;Sutton et al, 1995;Mushak, 1998 and references cited therein), and application of stable Pb isotope analysis for identification of sources and exposure pathways (Gulson et al, 1994;Gulson et al, 1995;Rabinowitz, 1995;Maddaloni et al, 1998;Manton et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements and Their Compounds in Indoor Environments

Rasmussen¹

2004

Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Physiologically based kinetic models (PBKM) representing the skeletal uptake, retention, and clearance of Pb in humans have long been in use and are important to define guidelines for prevention in occupational and environmental exposure to Pb. These models were developed before large epidemiological data sets including bone Pb were available and are limited to the data they are based on, which only in a few cases were collected in humans [2]. In particular, two widely used models, namely the Leggett and O'Flaherty models [3,4], were shown not to fit well epidemiological data from surveys of occupationally exposed populations, and require significant adjustments in their default transfer rates before some consistency between the observed and predicted bone Pb concentrations can be achieved [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in bone Pb accumulation: Cause and effect of altered bone turnover

Brito

Costa

Silva

et al. 2014

Bone

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper assesses the magnitude of Pb uptake in cortical and trabecular bones in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and the impact of exposure to Pb on serum markers of bone formation and resorption. The results reported herein provide physiological evidence that Pb distributes differently in central compartments in Pb metabolism, such as cortical and trabecular bone, in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and that exposure to Pb does have an impact on bone resorption resulting in OC-dependent osteopenia. These findings show that Pb may play a role in the etiology of osteoporosis and that its concentration in bones varies as a result of altered bone turnover characteristic of this disease, a long standing question in the field. In addition, data collected in this study are consistent with previous observations of increased half-life of Pb in bone at higher exposures. This evidence is relevant for the necessary revision of current physiologically based kinetic models for Pb in humans. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Abstract This paper assesses the magnitude of Pb uptake in cortical and trabecular bones in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and the impact of exposure to Pb on serum markers of bone formation and resorption. The results reported herein provide physiological evidence that Pb distributes differently in central compartments in Pb metabolism, such as cortical and trabecular bone, in healthy animals and animals with altered balance in bone turnover, and that exposure to Pb does have an impact on bone resorption resulting in OC-dependent osteopenia. These findings show that Pb may play a role in the etiology of osteoporosis and that its concentration in bones varies as a result of altered bone turnover characteristic of this disease, a long standing question in the field. In addition, data collected in this study are consistent with previous observations of increased half-life of Pb in bone at higher exposures. This evidence is relevant for the necessary revision of current physiologically based kinetic models for Pb in humans. Keywords Pb exposureBone turnover Osteoporosis Kinetic models 1

show abstract

Uses and limits of empirical data in measuring and modeling human lead exposure.

Cited by 47 publications

References 71 publications

Integration of the Predictions of Two Models with Dose Measurements in a Case Study of Children Exposed to the Emissions from a Lead Smelter

Integration of the Predictions of Two Models with Dose Measurements in a Case Study of Children Exposed to the Emissions from a Lead Smelter

Elements and Their Compounds in Indoor Environments

Changes in bone Pb accumulation: Cause and effect of altered bone turnover

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About