User Thermal Comfort in Historic Buildings: Evaluation of the Potential of Thermal Mass, Orientation, Evaporative Cooling and Ventilation

Abstract

The study investigated the level of thermal comfort in historical buildings located at a relatively high altitude in the Arabian Desert of Saudi Arabia. The study focused on the impact of the use of thermal mass and orientation on the level of thermal performance at Shubra and Boqri Palaces. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used in this study, including a questionnaire interview with architecture experts living at the relatively high altitude of Taif city, to obtain data and information from local experts. The computer software TAS EDSL was used along with on-site equipment, such as thermal imaging cameras and data loggers, to observe the physical conditions of the building in terms of its thermal performance. The study revealed that the experts’ age and years of experience were important aspects while collecting data from them during the survey. The use of thermal mass had a slight impact on the indoor air temperature as well as the energy consumption, but it helped in providing thermal comfort. Use of ventilation can improve thermal comfort level. Evaporative cooling technique has a considerable impact on reducing indoor air temperature with 4 °C drop, improving the thermal comfort sensation level. The novelty of this work is that, it links the outcomes of qualitative results of experts with field monitoring as well as computer modelling. This can contribute as method to accurately collect data in similar case studies.

Adaptive Reuse Decisions for Historic Buildings in Relation to Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort—Cairo Citadel, a Case Study from Egypt

“…al. [32] confirmed in their investigation that the use of thermal mass helped to provide thermal comfort to the users. The thermal comfort zone is achieved most of the year.…”

“…The building was designed for a residence merchant class and noble families [35]. The Plans Ground and first floor levels (office and work) [32] Typical design for second and third levels [32] The ground floor [34] The first floor [34] The ground floor [35] The first floor [35]…”

“…These are: The Stone Age to Jahiliya period; Islamic heritage; and the unification of the Kingdom. In addition to many valuable artefacts [32].…”

“…...J u-Ground and first floor levels (office and work) [32] Sustainability 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8…”

“…...J u-Typical design for second and third levels [32] Sustainability 2021, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 28…”