User Satisfaction in Augmented Reality-Based Training Using Microsoft HoloLens

Abstract

With the recent developments in augmented reality (AR) technologies comes an increased interest in the use of smart glasses for hands-on training. Whether this interest is turned into market success or not depends at the least on whether the interaction with smart AR glasses satisfies users, an aspect of AR use that so far has received little attention. With this contribution, we seek to change this. The objective of the article, therefore, is to investigate user satisfaction in AR applied to three cases of practical use. User satisfaction of AR can be broken down into satisfaction with the interaction and satisfaction with the delivery device. A total of 142 participants from three different industrial sectors contributed to this study, namely, aeronautics, medicine, and astronautics. In our analysis, we investigated the influence of different factors, such as age, gender, level of education, level of Internet knowledge, and the roles of the participants in the different sectors. Even though users were not familiar with the smart glasses, results show that general computer knowledge has a positive effect on user satisfaction. Further analysis using two-factor interactions shows that there is no significant interaction between the different factors and user satisfaction. The results of the study affirm that the questionnaires developed for user satisfaction of smart glasses and the AR application performed well, but leave room for improvement.

Software Framework for Customized Augmented Reality Headsets in Medicine

“…After completing both groups of tests, each participant was asked to fill in the demographic survey and a Likert questionnaire in terms of usability, functionality, and technology acceptance. The Likert questionnaire, shown in Table 2, comprises 9 items, each evaluated using a seven-point monotone Likert scale (from 1 = strongly disagree, to 7 = strongly agree) as previously done in [54] and in [55].…”

Assessment of Augmented Reality in Manual Wiring Production Process with Use of Mobile AR Glasses

“…The development of the analyses will be based on the study of Xue et al (2019) [ 62 ] that established a set of norms for the evaluation of user satisfaction of using AR glasses and AR applications. Moreover, most of the studies are focused on ergonomic analysis, meanwhile, the research on the aesthetics of interface layout was insufficient as it was claimed in Deng and Wang (2020) [ 70 ].…”

“…Therefore, it should be mentioned that three other types of AR glasses were tested, as during preliminary tests, namely Meta 2, Epson Moverio BT-200 (used e.g., by Angrisani et al, 2018 [ 22 ]), Epson Moverio BT-300, and the Google Glass. Only HoloLens was chosen for the in-depth study (used e.g., by Ingeson et al, 2019 [ 15 ]; Müller et al, 2018 [ 17 ]; Kot et al, 2018b [ 24 ]; Vorraber et al, 2019 [ 28 ]; Sluganovic et al, 2017 [ 58 ]; Xue et al, 2019 [ 62 ]) and presented the most advanced technology with the widest vision field and 3D space, giving the most user-friendly interface, especially in accordance with the assumptions made in this research. Because of the assumptions mentioned above, the AR support system was not adapted and installed on other models of AR glasses.…”

Assessing the Relationship between Cognitive Load and the Usability of a Mobile Augmented Reality Tutorial System: A Study of Gender Effects

“…These findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that females mostly focus on the usefulness of the system and males focus on the usability of the system. (Xue, Sharma and Wild, 2018). In this context, it can be said that natural interaction affects satisfaction due to the perceived usefulness in females and decreases intrinsic cognitive load by increasing the performance-oriented usage frequency.…”

“…Researchers have found that manual interaction using Leap Motion gesture tracking in a stereoscopic environment is more similar to the interaction in the real-world scenario, and therefore this technique provides a high level of natural interaction. Xue, Sharma and Wild (2018) found that females with good computer knowledge who use Virtual Reality goggles and AR-based digital materials had a higher satisfaction score than males. Extraneous load, also referred to as mental effort, occurs when the amount of unnecessary information in the learning memory increases and does not help learning.…”