User Guide for Characterizing Particulate Matter. Evaluation of Several Real-Time Methods. Appendix 1

Kelly, Kerry E.; Sarofim, Adel F.; Lightly, Joann S.; Wagner, David; Armott, W. P.; Rogers, C. F.; Zielińska, Barbara; Prather, K. A.

doi:10.21236/ada462282

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Continuous particle-bound PAHs were measured at 1minute intervals with EcoChem (League City, TX) PAS-2000 analyzers with PM 1.0 inlets at the fixed sites to investigate if this measurement was of use in identifying woodsmoke PM. This method is a semi-quantitative measurement of total particle-bound PAHs (Wilson et al, 1995), since the response depends on the kinds of PAHs present in the sample (Kelly et al, 2003). Ultraviolet light from a 222-nm excimer lamp ionizes particle-bound PAH molecules, and an electric field then removes the free electrons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Residential Woodsmoke PM2.5 in the Adirondacks of New York

Allen¹,

Rector²

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although woodsmoke from residential wood heating can be the dominant source of winter PM 2.5 in rural areas, routine monitoring is done primarily in urban or suburban areas. To obtain data on elevated woodsmoke concentrations from nearby sources, the PM 2.5 , black carbon at 880 and 370 nm, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and wind speed and direction were measured during winter at three residential locations in Saranac Lake, New York. A paired-site design enabled the identification of local sources relative to larger spatial scales. With the exception of occasional regional PM events, the hourly measurements of this pollutant between the paired sites exhibited poor correlations, suggesting that local woodsmoke was responsible for the observed increases in PM values. One location that was adjacent to a residence with a wood stove, which was 40 meters from the monitoring site, experienced repeated episodes of elevated PM 2.5 concentrations, with a maximum 3-hour average of 150 µg m -3 , a maximum 24-hour rolling average of 64 µg m -3 , and a maximum midnight-to-midnight average of 46 µg m -3 . Despite these PM events, the data indicated that this location was likely in compliance with the current U.S. EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM 2.5 . The daily PM 2.5 concentration peaked and troughed during the nighttime and the daytime, respectively, at all of the sites, which is consistent with local ground-level pollution sources, such as woodsmoke; this diel pattern was also confirmed by Aaethalometer Delta-C (DC) data, a woodsmoke PM indicator. The particle-bound PAH data was less specific than the DC data to the PM in the woodsmoke, partly because the instrument for the former also responds to traffic pollution. One site repeatedly displayed the influence of 2-cycle engine snowmobile exhaust during the early evening hours, with very high PAH concentrations but only modestly elevated DC concentrations. Subsequent tests showed that fresh 2-cycle small engine exhaust produces a somewhat weaker response than woodsmoke in the DC in terms of the concentration per unit of PM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Residential Woodsmoke PM2.5 in the Adirondacks of New York

Allen¹,

Rector²

2020

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) offers real-time detection of atmospheric particles and can simultaneously provide information on the size distribution, number concentration, and chemical composition of the particles at a single particle level. This information can be collated to a direct source apportionment based on single particle number concentration and chemical composition (Kelly et al, 2003). Only a limited number of studies thus far have verified high-resolution online measurements against the traditional offline analysis; for example, compared major ions (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) measured in filter samples against those measured online by a monitor for aerosols and gases in ambient air (MARGA) system, and the two sets of data showed agreement within 25%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in South China by filter-based and single particle analysis

Mao

Yang

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Single particle aerosol mass spectrometers (SPAMS) have created significant interest among atmospheric scientists by virtue of their ability to provide real-time size-resolved information on the chemical composition of aerosols. The objective of this study is to evaluate the newly developed single particle analysis technique in terms of chemical characterization and source apportionment of ambient aerosols by comparing it with traditional filter-based methods. In this study, an air quality monitoring campaign was conducted over a period of 25 days at an urban area in Yulin city, southern China, by employing both SPAMS and traditional filter-based measurements to establish the performance of SPAMS. It was observed that the chemical characterization of particles based on SPAMS did not agree well with the filter-based analysis. Based on the filter analysis, sulfate was the most abundant component in PM2.5 (23.5%), followed by OC (18.1%), while for single particle analysis (number concentration), EC-containing particles showed the largest contribution to PM2.5 (>40%), followed by OC (15.7%). In terms of source apportionment via positive matrix factorization, six sources were identified by each of the two approaches. Both the approaches showed relatively good agreements for secondary species, traffic, and dust sources; however, discrepancies were noted for industry, fossil fuel, and biomass burning sources. Finally, investigation of diurnal profiles and two specific emission episodes monitored during the Chinese New Year and traffic activities demonstrated the relative advantage of single particle analysis over filter-based methods. Overall, single particle analysis can provide source apportionment with a high time resolution, which is helpful for policy makers to analyze and implement emergency control strategies during air pollution episodes. However, SPAMS performs quantification of number concentration rather than mass concentration and is limited to particles larger than 200 nm, which leads to discrepancies between the two methods. SPAMS measurements can therefore not simply replace traditional filter-based analyses, which needs to be carefully considered in the selection of the monitoring implementation.

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“…The advantage of ATOFMS over other methods of source apportionment is its ability to identify associations among chemical species within individual particles. This association can be related directly to source apportionment (Kelly et al, 2003). However, the key disadvantages are the cost of instrument purchase, and interpretation of the spectra which requires a steep learning curve (Kelly et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This association can be related directly to source apportionment (Kelly et al, 2003). However, the key disadvantages are the cost of instrument purchase, and interpretation of the spectra which requires a steep learning curve (Kelly et al, 2003). The deployment of ATOFMS for both outdoor and indoor pollution studies has been widely reported in published work (Held et al, 2002;2007;2008;2012;Gross et al, 2000;Healy et al, 2013;Smyth et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of single particles sampled at the industrially polluted town of Port Talbot, United Kingdom by ATOFMS

Taiwo

Harrison

Beddows

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.

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User Guide for Characterizing Particulate Matter. Evaluation of Several Real-Time Methods. Appendix 1

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Characterization of Residential Woodsmoke PM2.5 in the Adirondacks of New York

Characterization of Residential Woodsmoke PM2.5 in the Adirondacks of New York

Comparative study of chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in South China by filter-based and single particle analysis

Source apportionment of single particles sampled at the industrially polluted town of Port Talbot, United Kingdom by ATOFMS

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