User Experiences with a Virtual Alcohol Prevention Simulation for Danish Adolescents

Guldager, Julie Dalgaard; Kjær, Satayesh Lavasani; Lyk, Patricia Bianca; Dietrich, Timo; Rundle‐Thiele, Sharyn; Majgaard, Gunver; Stock, Christiane

doi:10.3390/ijerph17196945

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the conceptual side, peer pressure should play a more important role in VR prevention programs because reacting to peer pressure is one central educational goal. This is in accordance with the findings of Dalgaard Guldager et al [36] who published a study on usability and game experience of VR FestLab after the systematic search of this review was conducted. Participants here pointed out that peer pressure in the VR simulation has been "less than what the adolescents might experience in real life" [36] (p. 9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Virtual Reality-Based Alcohol Prevention in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Virtual Reality-simulations offer new opportunities for alcohol prevention in adolescents. As an innovative medium, Virtual Reality can be attractive for the target group, and avatar-based pathways allow tailoring prevention in a gender-specific manner. However, tailoring may reproduce gender stereotypes and be exclusive. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summaries existing evidence regarding Virtual Reality-simulations for alcohol prevention targeting adolescents and to examine how gender is considered. A systematic search was conducted in seven databases. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Out of 224 search hits, four publications derived out of an Australian, a Danish, and a US-American project met the inclusion criteria. Research designs included qualitative (2), quantitative (1), and mixed-method approaches (1). Qualitative methods focused on development, evaluation, and participatory methods in the creation process, demonstrating adolescents’ involvement in Virtual Reality design. Adolescents appreciated the realism and the exposure to peer pressure and to negative alcohol consequences. Quantitative designs focused mainly on measuring alcohol-related outcomes (e.g., attitude and behavioral intentions towards binge drinking), and positive changes were found. In all studies, gender was assessed in the male-female dichotomy. Further gender-sensitive research is needed to develop and test the possibilities and pitfalls of tailoring Virtual Reality-simulations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Virtual Reality-Based Alcohol Prevention in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…This certainly requires further exploration, as it is unknown whether this lack of intervention effect is rooted in the program theory [ 34 ] regarding the education, training, modelling, and coercion/incentivization elements of the simulation or in its technical realization, and/or the content/characters of the virtual simulation. However, qualitative findings from the pilot testing of VR FestLab do not suggest a failure in the intervention design because the users provided positive feedback with regard to many features of the simulation game and would like to explore it further [ 56 ]. However, since users steer the gameplay experience, it remains unclear which educational elements the students in the intervention group actually received, and the composition of intervention elements was not uniform for all study participants in the intervention group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Virtual Reality Intervention VR FestLab on Alcohol Refusal Self-Efficacy: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Guldager

Kjær

Grittner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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It is currently unknown whether a virtual social environment can support young people in building their skills to overcome peer pressure when offered alcohol. This study evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed virtual reality simulation game VR FestLab on the refusal self-efficacy regarding social pressures to drink of Danish male and female students aged 15–18. VR FestLab features a party setting where adolescents can “steer” their own party experience. Eleven schools were included in a cluster-randomized controlled trial and allocated to either the intervention (n = 181) or the active control group (n = 191). Students in intervention schools played VR FestLab, while those in the control group played the VR game Oculus Quest—First Steps. The primary outcome measure was the social pressure subscale of the drinking refusal self-efficacy scale (DRSEQ-RA). The intervention effects were measured immediately after the intervention/control session (T1) and after a 6-week follow-up (T2). Data were examined using linear mixed regression models. Our study did not demonstrate a significant effect of drinking refusal self-efficacy at T1. For all secondary outcomes, we observed no substantial differences between the intervention and control groups. This study provides new insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of an innovative virtual reality alcohol prevention tool. VR FestLab can be an innovative and promising contribution to complement existing school-based alcohol prevention, but more research is needed to improve its effectiveness.

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“…Behavioral change approaches have been criticized for their consumer myopia (Brennan et al, 2016) and future research is recommended to ascertain whether CBE can be applied to generate multi-faceted solutions extending beyond individual behavior change. Methods such as collective intelligence (for examples see Domegan et al, 2016; Domegan et al, 2017; Fauville et al, 2018) and living labs (Guldager et al, 2020; Vallentin-Holbech et al, 2020) can be applied within the co-creation phase to generate stakeholder consensus on solutions for implementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CBE: A Framework to Guide the Application of Marketing to Behavior Change

Rundle‐Thiele

Dietrich

Carins

2021

Social Marketing Quarterly

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Background: This paper aims to extend the application of social marketing to social and environmentally beneficial behavior change providing a three-step process—Co-create-Build-Engage (CBE). The key strength social marketing brings to the social change space is the development of something of value that moves and motivates people to voluntarily change their behavior; in turn benefitting themselves, the planet and society at large. Method: Using a case study method, this paper identifies how up to eight marketing principles, initially penned to distinguish social marketing from public health, are applied in the three step CBE process, using first time program development and implementation examples. First, programs are co-created (C) with people at the heart of the problem and built (B) to create and embed lasting solutions and finally communities are engaged (E) to partake in these programs. This linear process is applied in first time program development and stages blur following first time implementation as CBE steps become continuous when programs are embedded into communities. This paper outlines four cases demonstrating when and where key marketing activities were applied to co-create, build and implement social marketing programs that achieved behavioral change. Results: Included is a roadmap of the activities that occurred in first time program development and implementation across each stage of the three step CBE process. During co-creation competition is assessed and groups are identified (segmentation). Formative research programs are theoretically underpinned and human centred (customer orientation) and solely aimed at identifying insights to guide program build and engagement. Elements of the marketing mix focus program build ensuring that a valued exchange offering is built. Engagement represents the initial implementation phase and encompasses the set of activities that focus on ensuring people are aware of and can adopt the program. Recommendations for Research or Practice: Many of the foundational techniques that distinguish social marketing from other behavioral science approaches are not widely adopted. This paper offers a roadmap to demonstrate how and when core social marketing activities can be applied to effect voluntary behavior change. Volitional change avoids stigmatization, alienation, reactance and community divides, which occur when behaviors are mandated or when people are told what to do. The CBE process provides a process, outlining social marketing’s key principles and the set of activities that are applied to build more effective marketing programs.

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User Experiences with a Virtual Alcohol Prevention Simulation for Danish Adolescents

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Virtual Reality-Based Alcohol Prevention in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Virtual Reality-Based Alcohol Prevention in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Efficacy of the Virtual Reality Intervention VR FestLab on Alcohol Refusal Self-Efficacy: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

CBE: A Framework to Guide the Application of Marketing to Behavior Change

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