“…Most previous studies [ 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] primarily focused on UAV-enabled wireless communication networks, overlooking the computing requirements of users. Furthermore, few previous studies [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] considered heterogeneous UAV-enabled networks, i.e., deploying UAVs with different communication and computing capabilities. Motivated by these issues, in this paper, we study the UAV deployment and user association problem to save the energy consumption of UAVs in a more extensive heterogeneous multi-UAV-enabled MEC networks.…”