“…Spoel (2007) cautions, however, that the ideals of midwifery informed choice are challenged by the very consumerist discourse from which the model emerged. Consumerism has been widely critiqued for representing clients as rational and monologic subjects (Tuominen, 1997), simultaneously enlightened and ignorant (Frohmann, 1992). These representations are criticized as ignoring both the embodied and emotional nature of practitioner-client encounters (Bishop & Yardley, 2004, p.467) and the social, cultural, economic, and political contexts within which individuals live and must make decisions (Spoel, 2007, p.24;Lupton, 1997;Henwood, Wyatt, Hart, & Smith, 2003); and for shifting responsibility for the management of health from provider to patient (Salmon & Hall, 2003).…”