User-calibration-free gaze tracking with estimation of the horizontal angles between the visual and the optical axes of both eyes

Nagamatsu, Tomohisa; Sugano, Ryuichi; Iwamoto, Yukina; Kamahara, Junzo; Tanaka, Naoki

doi:10.1145/1743666.1743725

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Considerable advances have been achieved in the calibration of stationary eye trackers, e.g. with stereo cameras [Model and Eizenman 2010;Nagamatsu et al 2010]. These approaches are promising for developing calibration-free eye trackers but they require binocular tracking, which is based on the assumption that both eyes look at the same point.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the potential of adapting head-mounted eye tracker calibration to a new user

Fehringer

Bulling

Krüger

2012

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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A key issue with state-of-the-art mobile eye trackers, particularly during long-term recordings in daily life, is the need for cumbersome and time consuming (re)calibration. To reduce this burden, in this paper we investigate the feasibility of adapting the calibration obtained for one user to another. Calibration adaptation is automatically performed using a light-weight linear translation. We compare three different methods to compute the translation: "multi-point", where all calibration-points are used, "1-point", and "0-point" that uses only an external parameter. We evaluate these methods in a 6-participant user study in a controlled laboratory setting by measuring the error in visual angle between the predicted gaze point and the true gaze point. Our results show that, averaged across all participants, the best adapted calibration is only 0.8• (mean) off the calibration obtained for that specific user. We also show the potential of the 1-point and 0-point methods compared to the timeconsuming multi-point computation.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the potential of adapting head-mounted eye tracker calibration to a new user

Fehringer

Bulling

Krüger

2012

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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“…While 3D gaze estimation has been widely studied in remote gaze estimation, there have been very few studies in head-mounted eye tracking. This is mainly because 3D gaze estimation typically requires model-based approaches with special hardware, such as multiple IR light sources and/or stereo cameras [Beymer and Flickner 2003;Nagamatsu et al 2010]. Hence, it remains unclear whether 3D gaze estimation can be done properly only with a lightweight head-mounted eye tracker.Świrski and Dodgson proposed a method to recover 3D eyeball poses from a monocular eye camera [Świrski and Dodgson 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D gaze estimation from 2D pupil positions on monocular head-mounted eye trackers

Mansouryar

Steil

Sugano

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research &Amp; Applications

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Abstract3D gaze information is important for scene-centric attention analysis, but accurate estimation and analysis of 3D gaze in real-world environments remains challenging. We present a novel 3D gaze estimation method for monocular head-mounted eye trackers. In contrast to previous work, our method does not aim to infer 3D eyeball poses, but directly maps 2D pupil positions to 3D gaze directions in scene camera coordinate space. We first provide a detailed discussion of the 3D gaze estimation task and summarize different methods, including our own. We then evaluate the performance of different 3D gaze estimation approaches using both simulated and real data. Through experimental validation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in reducing parallax error, and we identify research challenges for the design of 3D calibration procedures.

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“…Gaze tracking has recently become a very active research field that has applications in many different fields, including human computer interfaces (HCI), virtual reality (VR), driver monitoring, eye disease diagnosis, and intelligent machine interfaces. In detail, various applications using gaze tracking system are shown such as user–computer dialogs in desktop environment [ 1 ], head-mounted gaze tracking for the study of visual behavior in unconstrained real world [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and for the study of oculomotor characteristics and abnormalities in addition to the input devices for HCI [ 6 ], eye-typing system for the user with severe motor impairments [ 7 ], and HCI in desktop environment [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Gaze tracking systems can find the position a user is looking at by using image processing and computer vision technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Study on Designing of Gaze Tracking Camera Based on the Information of User’s Head Movement

Pan

Jung

Yoon

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Gaze tracking is the technology that identifies a region in space that a user is looking at. Most previous non-wearable gaze tracking systems use a near-infrared (NIR) light camera with an NIR illuminator. Based on the kind of camera lens used, the viewing angle and depth-of-field (DOF) of a gaze tracking camera can be different, which affects the performance of the gaze tracking system. Nevertheless, to our best knowledge, most previous researches implemented gaze tracking cameras without ground truth information for determining the optimal viewing angle and DOF of the camera lens. Eye-tracker manufacturers might also use ground truth information, but they do not provide this in public. Therefore, researchers and developers of gaze tracking systems cannot refer to such information for implementing gaze tracking system. We address this problem providing an empirical study in which we design an optimal gaze tracking camera based on experimental measurements of the amount and velocity of user’s head movements. Based on our results and analyses, researchers and developers might be able to more easily implement an optimal gaze tracking system. Experimental results show that our gaze tracking system shows high performance in terms of accuracy, user convenience and interest.

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User-calibration-free gaze tracking with estimation of the horizontal angles between the visual and the optical axes of both eyes

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Analysing the potential of adapting head-mounted eye tracker calibration to a new user

Analysing the potential of adapting head-mounted eye tracker calibration to a new user

3D gaze estimation from 2D pupil positions on monocular head-mounted eye trackers

Empirical Study on Designing of Gaze Tracking Camera Based on the Information of User’s Head Movement

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