User-based fuzzy end-use modeling of indoor urban residential water demand

Abstract

Stochastic models for estimating residential water demand use high-resolution field data consuming large costs and significant time. An attempt for the accurate estimation of water demand may result in its complex analytical model due to numerous factors affecting the water use event. Moreover, as the water supply system is always subjected to variations in demand, the accuracy of water demand estimation in its design can be side-lined. The water demand in residential buildings is mainly governed by the users’ characteristics and their daily schedule. In this view, the use of Fuzzy Logic can be advantageous to model the uncertainty in water demands. The presented study attempts to provide a methodology to estimate urban indoor residential water demand with the help of user-based end-use models in the absence of field data and generate various possible water demand patterns of fixtures. Usergroups were created for assuming spatial variations in water demand. Fuzzy Logic was used to develop the end-use models using data on urban users’ characteristics, their diurnal activities, and water use habits to estimate the demand characteristics of fixtures. The model may also facilitate the computation of pipe sizing in building water supply systems.

Simulation Design and Analysis for Water Network Inside Building Using Elite(S-Pipe) Software

“…The design importance of water supply networks inside buildings has emerged to provide the daily demand for water for drinking, cooking, showering, and various activities, the design is depends mainly on calculating the demand of water consumed and the appropriate pressure for operation [3], the process of calculating the water demand for the design of water supply networks inside buildings is 1222 (2023) 012006 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1222/1/012006 2 depending on the Hunter curve method [4], which depends in its calculations on giving each fixture in the network a numerical value that depends on the fixture's consumption of water simultaneously, this value is called the Fixture Unit and by using Hunter curve to find the water demand of building [5]. The appropriate design pressure value for the water supply network inside the building to exceed the height difference between the water source in the network and the highest fixture in the network, the network operating pressure value represents the pipes friction losses in the network, and the pressure required to operate the fixtures, [6], depending on the procedures in the global or local codes like (The American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE), Uniform Plumbing Code, National Standard Plumbing Code, International Building Code (IBC), International Plumbing Code (IPC)) and using the values extracted from the water demand calculations and the design pressure to operate the water supply network inside the building, the sizes of the parts of the network are calculated such as tanks, pipes, fitting and also the pumps discharge and head [7].…”