Usefulness of Multilocus Sequence Typing for Characterization of Clinical Isolates of
            <i>Candida albicans</i>

Bougnoux, Marie Elisabeth; Morand, Sergé; d’Enfert, Christophe

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.4.1290-1297.2002

Cited by 189 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently MLST has been applied to diploid organisms, notably to fungal pathogens of the genus Candida, in which case it is the diploid sequence type that is coded, using the codes for ambiguous nucleotides (Bougnoux et al 2002). Diploids pose particular problems for analysis in that they possess 2 alleles per locus and there is no physical linkage between loci located in different chromosomes.…”

Section: U L T I L O C U S S E Q U E N C E T Y P I N G ( M L S T )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

2010

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S U M M A R YMolecular approaches are being used increasingly for epidemiological studies of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases. Several molecular markers resolving genetic differences between Leishmania parasites at species and strain levels have been developed to address key epidemiological and population genetic questions. The current gold standard, multilocus enzyme typing (MLEE), needs cultured parasites and lacks discriminatory power. PCR assays identifying species directly with clinical samples have proven useful in numerous field studies. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is potentially the most powerful phylogenetic approach and will, most probably, replace MLEE in the future. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) is able to discriminate below the zymodeme level and seems to be the best candidate for becoming the gold standard for distinction of strains. Population genetic studies by MLMT revealed geographical and hierarchic population structure in L. tropica, L. major and the L. donovani complex. The existence of hybrids and gene flow between Leishmania populations suggests that sexual recombination is more frequent than previously thought. However, typing and analytical tools need to be further improved. Accessible databases should be created and sustained for integrating data obtained by different researchers. This would allow for global analyses and help to avoid biases in analyses due to small sample sizes.

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Section: U L T I L O C U S S E Q U E N C E T Y P I N G ( M L S T )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

2010

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“…In contrast, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) can be used for the overall analysis of the C. albicans population and for the detection of minute genetic changes that are indicative of evolutionary processes. MLST of C. albicans is a highly discriminatory method based on the analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms within the sequences of six or seven PCR-generated 400-to 500-bp internal fragments of housekeeping genes (loci) (5,6). For each locus, the different sequences are assigned as distinct genotypes (represented by integers), and for each isolate, the combination of the genotypes at each of the sequenced loci defines a profile referred to as a diploid sequence type (DST).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Intrafamilial Transmission and Microevolutions of Candida albicans Isolates from the Human Digestive Tract

Diogo²,

et al. 2006

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Candida albicans is a human commensal that is also responsible for superficial and systemic infections. Little is known about the carriage of C. albicans in the digestive tract and the genome dynamics that occur during commensalisms of this diploid species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, diversity, and genetic relationships among C. albicans isolates recovered during natural colonization of the digestive tract of humans, with emphasis on Crohn's disease patients who produce anti-yeast antibodies and may have altered Candida sp. carriage. Candida sp. isolates were recovered from 234 subjects within 25 families with multiple cases of Crohn's disease and 10 control families, sampled at the oral and fecal sites. Prevalences of Candida sp. and C. albicans carriage were 53.4% and 46.5%, respectively, indicating frequent commensal carriage. No differences in prevalence of carriage could be observed between Crohn's disease patients and healthy subjects. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of C. albicans isolates revealed frequent colonization of a subject or several members of the same family by genetically indistinguishable or genetically close isolates. These latter isolates differed by loss-of-heterozygosity events at one or several of the MLST loci. These loss-of-heterozygosity events could be due to either chromosome loss followed by duplication or large mitotic recombination events between complementary chromosomes. This study was the first to jointly assess commensal carriage of C. albicans, intrafamilial transmission, and microevolution. The high frequency of each of these events suggests that the digestive tract provides an important and natural niche for microevolutions of diploid C. albicans through the loss of heterozygosity.Candida albicans is currently the most important opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, responsible for both superficial and systemic infections (7). Clinical manifestations of C. albicans infections include superficial candidiasis infections (cutaneous candidiasis, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and vulvovaginitis) that are frequent but usually benign in immunocompetent hosts. They also include severe infections in hospitalized patients, in particular, candidemia and disseminated candidiasis, that are associated with high mortality rates. These systemic infections occur in numerous patients with severe underlying diseases or critical illnesses that need aggressive diagnosis or treatment procedures. As a consequence, C. albicans is the leading cause of nosocomial fungal infections (7).Despite being a fungal pathogen, C. albicans is carried without symptoms by a large fraction of the population. Indeed, C. albicans colonizes mucosal surfaces of healthy subjects and is considered to be a component of the normal digestive and genital floras. In this regard, intestinal colonization is recognized as a key component of further development of both superficial and systemic C. albicans infections (8, 9, 24). However, frequency and chronology of carriage are only partially known...

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“…This set includes AAT1a, ACC1, ADP1, SYA1, VPS13, ZWF1b, and MPIB, which has since been renamed PMI1 [53]. MLST proved to be a useful method for epidemiological differentiation of clinical isolates of C. albicans [49,51].…”

Section: Molecular Methods Developed For the Identification And Charamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MLST technique has been used previously for several Candida species, among them, C. albicans [49,51]. Based on collaborative work, a set of seven essential C. albicans genes were proposed for the analysis [52].…”

Section: Molecular Methods Developed For the Identification And Charamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Methods Developed for the Identification and Characterization of Candida Species

Grisolia¹

2017

IJGS

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Candida species are commensally microorganisms in healthy individuals, but is also the most opportunistic fungal pathogen of human. From benign skin-mucosal forms to invasive ones, Candida infection, can compromise various organs systematic and cause diseases in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. Hence the accurate identification and characterization of the disease-causing strains is crucial for diagnosis, clinical treatment and epidemiological studies of candidacies. Molecular methods the identification and characterization support gives in epidemiological research and in development of novel antifungal with specific molecular targets, especially in the case of resistant Candida species. This review aims to describe the main methods used in the identification and characterization the Candida species and discusses future perspectives.

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Usefulness of Multilocus Sequence Typing for Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans

Cited by 189 publications

References 28 publications

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics ofLeishmania

Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Intrafamilial Transmission and Microevolutions of Candida albicans Isolates from the Human Digestive Tract

Molecular Methods Developed for the Identification and Characterization of Candida Species

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