Usefulness of Endoscopy for the Detection and Diagnosis of Primary Esophageal Motility Disorders and Diseases Relating to Abnormal Esophageal Motility

Abstract

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is performed to rule out organic diseases in the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders (EMDs). Abnormal endoscopic findings can be observed during EGD, which indicate the presence of EMDs. Several endoscopic findings at both the esophagogastric junction and esophageal body that are related to EMDs have been reported. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) could be detected during EGD, and these diseases are often associated with abnormal esophageal motility. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) could improve the detection of these diseases during EGD. Although no report has been published previously on the potential usefulness of IEE in the endoscopic diagnosis of EMDs, IEE can be used to detect disorders that can be associated with abnormal esophageal motility.

Long-term outcomes in patients with primary biliary cholangitis complicated with CREST syndrome

“…Findings supporting a CREST syndrome diagnosis included the following: a finding of calcinosis on X-ray images of the extremities; a diagnosis of Raynaud’s phenomenon based on medical history; and the presence of oesophageal dysmotility shown by barium examination or endoscopy. Oesophageal dysmotility is characterized by abnormalities in oesophageal motility such as ineffective oesophageal motility, the absence of contractility, the absence of lumen-occluding peristaltic contractions, a sequence of sphincter opening followed by contraction in the oesophageal body and subsequent sphincter closing, the presence of oesophagitis/gastroesophageal reflux disease 42 – 44 , and sclerodactyly and telangiectasia based on objective observations 45 . The diagnosis of CREST syndrome was based on the presence of ACA positivity and at least 2 of the 5 clinical symptoms of CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasias), in accordance with a previous report 16 .…”