“…First, 3-dimensional (3D) CT enabled virtual planning for the real surgery by presenting the image of the tumor and liver and by providing an accurate estimation of the regional liver volume [5,6,7,8]. Second, contrast-enhanced IOUS (CE-IOUS) with the new ultrasound contrast agent Sonazoid (gaseous perflubutane; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) [9] was developed and applied to liver resection, allowing for more accurate intraoperative staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [10,11] and a higher rate of detection of colorectal liver metastasis [12]. Finally, fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) was applied to hepatobiliary surgery for intraoperative visualization of bile [13,14,15,16], liver cancers [17,18,19] and hepatic segments to be resected [20,21,22] as well as for evaluation of regional portal uptake in the liver [23,24].…”