Use Patterns and Value of Savanna Resources in Three Rural Villages in South Africa1

Shackleton, Sheona; Shackleton, Charlie M.; Netshiluvhi, T.R.; Geach, Brenton; Ballance, A.; Fairbanks, Dean H. K.

doi:10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0130:upavos]2.0.co;2

Cited by 126 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Women must provide food in the form of cereals during food shortage periods when the granaries are empty, even if the household heads (men) can contribute also. Women in general have always relied more on forest products than men have (Byron and Arnold 1999;Cavendish 2000;Shackleton et al 2002;Shackleton and Shackleton 2006). In southern Ethiopia, children and women are responsible for collecting, transporting and selling gums and resins (Worku et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape diversity and associated coping strategies during food shortage periods: evidence from the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso

2016

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The importance of forest resources for rural communities' livelihoods has increasingly been recognized over the last three decades. Forests provide food, generate incomes, provide supporting (nutrient cycling, pollination), and regulating (climate, diseases, water regulation and purification) services for agriculture, in addition to their aesthetic, cultural and spiritual role. However, most of the studies on forest resource use do not focus on the role of landscape organization in addressing the impact of climate variability and the risk of food insecurity. This study aims to examine the contribution of woodlands and trees towards decreasing the risk of food insecurity and the importance of landscape structure and composition in coping with food shortages. It took place in two villages in Burkina Faso, on both ends of the woodlands and tree-cover spectrum. We demonstrate that in both landscapes, ecosystem goods, such as shea nuts and fuelwood, represent a safety net for households during food shortage periods. We demonstrate that households shape their adaptive strategies differently depending on the resources available and the structure of the landscape. People living in a landscape with a savannah matrix (Sorobouly) rely on fuelwood trade to purchase cereals, while those living in a landscape with a parkland matrix (Kalembouly) rely on shea nuts. Agricultural, environmental and climate change policies that reinforce the rights of the most vulnerable to access key resources provided by these landscapes and development programs which assure their sustainable use will simultaneously enhance food security and increase their adaptive capacity in the face of climate change and variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape diversity and associated coping strategies during food shortage periods: evidence from the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso

2016

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“…The role of these species as a source of income was not very important. This is not surprising because few gathered products are traded in markets and it is usually marginalized people that trade in species for which well established markets do not exist (Shackleton et al 2001, Styger et al 1999. A few farmers mentioned ecosystem services from woody species, such as improving soil fertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rural and marginalized households are highly dependent on woody plants for their subsistence and income generation (Marshall & Newton 2003, Shackleton et al 2001. For instance, in Uganda, more than 90% of the homesteads use wood fuels (NEMA 2002).…”

Section: Ethnobotany Research and Applications 270mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in Uganda, more than 90% of the homesteads use wood fuels (NEMA 2002). The loss of woody plants that supply products that are important for local subsistence or income generation can, therefore, cause untold suffering among people who have traditionally relied on them to satisfy their needs (Primack 1998, Shackleton et al 2001, Walter 2001. This is especially true for women (Marshall & Newton 2003, Upadhyay 2005.…”

Section: Ethnobotany Research and Applications 270mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Tabuti

2012

Ethnobot. Res. App.

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fields, the courtyard and home garden. Men own trees in the homestead, are more involved in tree management and selling of tree products, than women. IntroductionWoody species, i.e., trees and shrubs, are threatened in many different parts of the world (Augusseau et al. 2006). It is estimated that 10% of all tree species are threatened (Williams 1998). The highest rates of woody species loss are in the tropics (FAO 2009). Estimates suggest that in Uganda 0.9 -3.15% of the forested area disappears every year and that the forested areas have shrunk from 52 to 24%, in the last 100 years (NEMA 2002, UNDP 2007. The major causes of woody species loss are linked to rapid human population growth rates and poverty (Jha & Bawa 2006, FAO 2009). These drivers force people to harvest woody species using poor methods and at unsustainably high intensities; to expand crop agriculture into woody species habitats; and to shorten fallows that are Important Woody Plant Species, their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, UgandaJohn R.S. Tabuti Research AbstractWoody plant species are threatened in Uganda. To conserve these species there is need to generate information that may be used to design management plans. This study was conducted in Balawoli Sub-county, Kamuli District, Uganda between July 2009 and January 2010. We addressed four questions: (1) which woody species are most preferred? (2) what is the conservation status of these species and for which species have changes in local availability been observed? (3) what management practices exist for woody species? and (4) what tenure rights exist for woody plants? Data were generated through guided questionnaire interviews. Seventeen species are valued most within the community. These species are multipurpose and altogether have 25 different uses for the community. The most frequently harvested products are edible fruits, firewood and timber. The value of these species as a source of income is low. Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg, Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv., Combretum molle R. Br. ex G. Don, Terminalia glaucescens Planch. ex Benth., Coffea spp., Combretum collinum Fresen. and Citrus spp. are becoming scarce. However, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Mangifera indica L., Ficus natalensis Hochst., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Acacia sp., Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp., Carica papaya L. and Lantana camara L. are increasing in abundance. The main factors leading to the scarcity of some species include over-harvesting, destructive harvesting, pests, poor planting of trees by farmers, and droughts. The key factors contributing to some species' success are that the species are: planted, drought resistant, regenerate naturally, easy to manage, mature fast, available as seedlings. Farmers maintain 51 woody species that they plant or retain when found growing naturally on their land. Some farmers are constrained in planting trees by lack of seedlings, pest infestations, drought and lack of land. Species are managed in crop

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“…http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/era.14.0.049-061 among people who rely on them to satisfy their needs and welfare (Shackleton et al 2001), and loss of tree cover needs to be slowed down by actions that include growing and maintaining trees on-farm.…”

Section: Ethnobotany Research and Applications 50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally Preferred Woody Species and Their Management in Kiruhura and Arua Districts, Uganda

Nyamukuru¹,

Nabatanzi

Mpiira

et al. 2015

Ethnobot. Res. App.

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Trees and shrubs are disappearing fast in anthropogenic landscapes of Uganda. In order to promote their conservation on-farm, there is need to involve farmers. Farmers' involvement in tree/shrub management requires a clear understanding of the households' needs that trees can satisfy, the priority species to satisfy these needs, as well as tree management practices and challenges that hinder tree planting. This study was carried out to satisfy these information needs and to also determine species that are locally threatened. The study was conducted in selected villages of Arua and Kiruhura districts between June and October 2012 using an ethnobotanical approach. Our results indicate that farmers value tree products to satisfy household welfare needs of accessing food (edible fruits), generating income, and accessing construction wood. The species are multi-purpose, and the most preferred are Eucalyptus spp., Mangifera indica L., Persea americana Mill., Carica papaya L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Annona senegalensis Pers., Pinus spp., and Tectona grandis L.f. Most farmers maintain trees on their land in courtyards, backyard gardens, or crop fields and ranches. Tree species are threatened by destructive harvesting and clearing land for agriculture. The key challenges to intensification of tree cultivation are livestock damage, land shortage, drought, and lack of financial resources. Farmers suggested that in order to strengthen tree planting, they should be provided with inputs including seedlings, chemicals, and tools. In conclusion farmers prefer exotic tree species to satisfy household needs. Intensification of tree management will need to address a number of challenges identified in this study. Published: 20 January 2015 Ethnobotany Research & Applications 50http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/era.14.0.049-061 among people who rely on them to satisfy their needs and welfare (Shackleton et al. 2001), and loss of tree cover needs to be slowed down by actions that include growing and maintaining trees on-farm.Effective tree growing requires full participation of farmers. This is important because farmers own important resources for tree growing such as land. Furthermore, farmers make decisions regarding which species to maintain on their land based on assessments of how much they will benefit from growing a particular species and how such a species fits in the household's labor and input requirements (Dalle & Potvin 2004, Scherr 1995, Simons & Leakey 2004, Warner 1994. To enhance and encourage wider tree planting on-farm by farmers, therefore, the species that they value and which they want to grow and are ready to manage should be identified for wide-scale planting with scientific inputs and management practices (Dalle & Potvin 2004, Kahurananga et al. 1993. These are usually trees that satisfy household needs but which also have market potential and from which farmers can earn incomes to provide alternative sources of livelihood (Akinnifesi et al. 2008,...

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Use Patterns and Value of Savanna Resources in Three Rural Villages in South Africa1

Cited by 126 publications

References 7 publications

Landscape diversity and associated coping strategies during food shortage periods: evidence from the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso

Landscape diversity and associated coping strategies during food shortage periods: evidence from the Sudano-Sahelian region of Burkina Faso

Important Woody Plant Species, Their Management and Conservation Status in Balawoli Sub-county, Uganda

Locally Preferred Woody Species and Their Management in Kiruhura and Arua Districts, Uganda

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