Use patterns and self-reported effects of Salvia divinorum: An internet-based survey

Baggott, Matthew J.; Erowid, Earth; Erowid, Fire; Mendelson, John

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.003

Cited by 70 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Survey-based studies describing the pattern of use and usage behavior have also been reported (Gonzá lez et al, 2006;Baggott et al, 2010;Sumnall et al, 2010). These reports are in general agreement that salvinorin A produces intense psychological effects, and described that users reported positive aftereffects (increased insight, improved mood) lasting for more than 24 h after use of S. divinorum.…”

Section: Effects Of Salvinorin a In Humanssupporting

confidence: 70%

Neuropharmacology of the Naturally Occurring κ-Opioid Hallucinogen Salvinorin A

2011

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Section: Effects Of Salvinorin a In Humanssupporting

confidence: 70%

Neuropharmacology of the Naturally Occurring κ-Opioid Hallucinogen Salvinorin A

2011

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“…The failure of centrally penetrating agonists to produce antinociception in the assay of acid-depressed ICSS may also be related to their failure to produce clinically viable analgesia. The potential analgesic effects of salvinorin A have not been systematically examined; however, salvinorin A is the principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum, and analgesia has not been cited as a prominent effect by Salvia users (Baggott et al, 2010). Likewise, synthetic agonists examined in clinical laboratory studies failed to produce viable analgesia either because of insufficient efficacy or the emergence of dose-limiting untoward effects (Pande et al, 1996a,b;Wadenberg, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Peripherally Restricted κ Opioid Receptor Agonists on Pain-Related Stimulation and Depression of Behavior in Rats

Negus¹,

O'Connell²,

Morrissey³

et al. 2011

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Opioid receptor agonists that do not readily cross the bloodbrain barrier are peripherally restricted and distribute poorly to the central nervous system after systemic administration. Peripherally restricted agonists have promise as candidate analgesics, because they may produce antinociception mediated by peripheral receptors more potently than they produce undesirable sedative and psychotomimetic effects mediated by central receptors. The present study used assays of painrelated stimulation and depression of behavior in rats to compare effects of 1) two peripherally restricted agonists [the, 2) a centrally penetrating agonist (salvinorin A), and 3) several reference drugs, including a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID; ketoprofen). Intraperitoneal injection of dilute lactic acid served as a noxious stimulus to stimulate a stretching response and depress intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) maintained by the delivery of electrical brain stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle. Acid-stimulated stretching was blocked by ketoprofen, the peripherally restricted agonists, and salvinorin A. However, acid-induced depression of ICSS was blocked only by ketoprofen. The peripherally restricted agonists had little effect, and salvinorin A exacerbated acidinduced depression of ICSS. These results suggest that peripherally restricted agonists may be safer than centrally penetrating agonists but less efficacious than NSAIDS or opioid receptor agonists to block pain-related depression of behavior; however, the peripheral selectivity of ffir and ICI204448 is limited, and future studies with agonists capable of greater peripheral selectivity are warranted.

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“…These descriptions were taken from the survey of Baggott et al (2010) and the DSM criteria for opioid intoxication (American Psychiatric Association 2000). These behaviors were recorded in one of two ways.…”

Section: Behavioral and Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%