Use of Wood-Based Materials in Beef Bedded Manure Packs: 2. Effect on Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds, Odor Activity Value,Escherichia coli, and Nutrient Concentrations

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of three types of wood-based bedding materials (kiln-dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, and green cedar chips) and corn stover on the concentration of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total in bedded pack material. Four bedded packs of each bedding material were maintained for two 42-d periods ( = 32; eight replicates/bedding material). Straight- and branched-chained fatty acids, aromatic compounds, and sulfide compounds were measured from the headspace above each bedded pack. Green cedar bedding had the highest concentration of odorous VOCs, and pine chip bedding had the lowest ( < 0.01). Calculated odor activity values were highest for green cedar bedding, followed by dry cedar, corn stover, and pine chip bedding. As the bedded packs aged, the concentration of odorous VOCs increased, particularly in the bedded packs containing green cedar chips and dry cedar chips. Total concentrations increased from Days 0 to 21 and then began to decline and were similar among all bedding materials ( < 0.10). Results of this study indicate that producers using a long-term bedded pack management in their facility may benefit from using pine chips because they do not appear to increase odor over time. Cedar-based bedding materials may be better suited for a scrape-and-haul system, where the bedded pack is removed after 1 or 2 wk. Total concentrations did not differ between any of the four bedding materials over time.

Ammonia, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Lab-Scaled Manure Bedpacks with and without Aluminum Sulfate Additions

“…Two dose frequencies (once or weekly) and four concentrations of alum (0, 2.5, 5, or 10% alum by mass) were examined. Thirty-two laboratory-scaled simulated bedded packs were constructed and maintained for 42 days, as previously described [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The study was conducted twice (Period 1 and Period 2) for a total of 64 experimental units.…”

“…The bedded packs were housed in four environmental chambers [22] that were maintained at an ambient temperature of 18 • C with a dew point of 12 • C throughout the study. This temperature and dew point were selected to represent conditions during a moderate season in a barn [23], like spring or fall, and have been used in previous studies [16][17][18][19][20][21]. There were eight bedded packs per chamber.…”

Study on Odor Detection and Microbial Identification Method in Closed Water Area of Jiangxi Province

“…in the water. The other category is caused by human factors, mainly the discharge of a large amount of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage into water bodies, and the wastewater can produce odorous substances [12].…”

Livestock GRACEnet: A Workgroup Dedicated to Evaluating and Mitigating Emissions from Livestock Production

“…Bedding generally consists of locally available by‐products from cereal grain production, with corn stover being the most commonly used material (Doran et al, 2010). Spiehs et al (2014a,b) investigated the effect of using corn stover or three alternative wood‐based bedding materials (kiln‐dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, and green cedar chips) on airborne concentrations of NH 3 , total reduced sulfides (TRS), CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O above laboratory‐simulated bedded manure packs (Spiehs et al, 2014a). In addition, the concentration of odorous VOCs and Escherichia coli inside the bedded pack material was determined (Spiehs et al, 2014b).…”

“…Spiehs et al (2014a,b) investigated the effect of using corn stover or three alternative wood‐based bedding materials (kiln‐dried pine wood chips, dry cedar chips, and green cedar chips) on airborne concentrations of NH 3 , total reduced sulfides (TRS), CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O above laboratory‐simulated bedded manure packs (Spiehs et al, 2014a). In addition, the concentration of odorous VOCs and Escherichia coli inside the bedded pack material was determined (Spiehs et al, 2014b). The use of dry or green cedar wood products as bedding was found to decrease airborne NH 3 and CO 2 concentrations by about 20% relative to corn stover, without affecting N 2 O and TRS concentrations for at least 28 d. As the bedded pack aged, the use of green cedar was found to increase the airborne CH 4 concentration by as much as 194% after 28 d, while use of dry and green cedar also increased TRS concentrations.…”