Use of Wildlife for On-Site Evaluation of Bioavailability and Ecotoxicity of Toxic Substances Found in Hazardous Waste Sites

Kendall, Ronald J.; Funsch, Jeanne M.; Bens, Catherine M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5808-4_23

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These and other studies (18,19) suggest that effective ecological risk assessments should incorporate a combination of soil and tissue residue analyses with a form of biomarker evaluation. It appears that the measurement of mechanistically relevant biomarkers in enclosured animals on contaminated sites is an effective means of measuring these biomarkers and is a useful adjunct to the use of field-captured animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species.

Dickerson

Hooper

Gard

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Ecological risk assessments based on chemical residue analysis and species demographics tend to ignore the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of the chemicals of concern. This study describes the incorporation of mechanistically based biomarkers into an ecological risk assessment of a poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site. A combination of soil residue analysis, tissue residue analysis, biomarkers in one-site trapped animals and biomarkers in animals confined to enclosures was used. In particular, the use of captured deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) for these studies is compared to the use of laboratory-raised deer mice placed in enclosures. This study indicates that the higher degree of variability in the responses of wild deer mice make the use of enclosure studies advantageous. Positive control studies performed by dosing laboratory-raised deer mice with the same PAHs as found on the site were used to validate this approach. These studies indicate that immune suppression occurred at PAH concentrations an order of magnitude below those required for the induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species.

Dickerson

Hooper

Gard

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Exposure of wildlife to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs), has been correlated with adverse population-level effects in several populations of wild birds [1,2]. Some of these effects include reproductive failure, morphological aberrations, alterations in plasma concentrations of vitamin A and thyroid hormones, and induction of hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) activity [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In The Netherlands, relatively high concentrations of HAHs have been measured in samples of abiotic and biotic materials originating from sedimentation areas of the Rivers Rhine and Meuse [6,19,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and developmental effects of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls 126 and 153 in common tern chicks (Sterna hirundo)

Bosveld

Nieboer

Bont

et al. 2000

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Effects of PCBs were studied in common terns (Sterna hirundo).Hatchlings from eggs collected from Dutch breeding colonies and incubated artificially were raised to an age of 21 d. The birds were fed fish spiked with PCB 126 alone or in combination with PCB 153 (1:1,000), resulting in concentrations in the food ranging from 0.01 to 1.2 ng toxic equivalents (TEQs)/g wet weight.The most sensitive effect parameter was induction of hepatic CYP1A-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (EROD) activity, and a nonlinear concentration-effect relationship could be determined with the TEQ concentration (r ϭ 0.967, p Ͻ 0.001). Induction of pentoxyresorufin-O-depenthylation and methoxyresorufin-O-demethylation activities was observed at dose levels similar to those that induced EROD activity. The estimated lowest-observed-effect level for induction of CYP1A in the common tern was approx. 25 ng TEQ/g liver lipid, which was caused by concentrations in the food of approx. 0.6 ng TEQ/g fish wet weight. At these concentrations, a 50% reduction in plasma total thyroxine compared with controls also was observed. Concentrations of plasma total thyroxine were negatively correlated with hepatic TEQ concentrations (r ϭ 0.523, p Ͻ 0.01), but the shape of the nonlinear concentration-effect relationship did not allow determination of a lowest-observed-effect level. No changes were found for hepatic hydroxylation of testosterone. Bursa weight decreased proportionally to hepatic concentrations of TEQs (r ϭ 0.433, p Ͻ 0.05) and showed a similar sensitivity as that observed for EROD activity. Concentrations of TEQs in The Netherlands are approx. 0.1 ng TEQ/g wet weight fish, which is approximately six times lower than the lowest-observed-effect level for CYP1A induction in terns as estimated in this study. It is concluded that no overt effects on growth and development in the common tern are expected with this background exposure during the posthatch period.

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“…Because the deer mouse and vole have small home ranges, estimation of contaminant exposure to resident organisms at waste sites is relatively easy. Both species burrow in the soil, resulting in increased exposure to soil contaminants over surfacedwelling animals (Kendall et al 1990). Thus, the primary exposure routes for the deer mouse and vole to soil contaminants consist of the consumption of contaminated food items and water, and incidental ingestion of soil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of metals and arsenic to small mammals at a mining waste-contaminated wetland

Pascoe

Blanchet

Linder

1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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In support of a baseline ecological risk assessment evaluating the impacts of mining wastes at the Milltown Reservoir Sediments Superfund site in Montana, a food chain transfer analysis was performed for resident small mammals. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were trapped from a 200 A portion of a mixed upland and palustrine wetland, and concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in carcass, liver, kidney, and testes were quantified. Concurrent to small mammal trapping, samples of grasses, forbs, and soils were collected and analyzed for metal and As residues. Using a linear multimedia food-chain model, assuming a forage base of wetland vegetation from the site, ingestion of local surface water, and incidental ingestion of soils with vegetation, body burdens of the metals and As in the herbivores were estimated. As a means of estimating potential element bioavailability at the site, the modeled body burdens were compared with measured element concentrations in herbivore tissues. The analysis indicates that the bioavailabilities of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were equal to or less than 0.2% for internal organs and 0.1% for carcasses, on a microgram/g tissue wet weight basis. Available site data on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and extractable elements fraction supported the limited release of soil elements. These results suggest that the bioavailable fraction of mining waste metals in riparian wetland soils may be quite small, and, for the Milltown Reservoir site, lower than originally anticipated.

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Use of Wildlife for On-Site Evaluation of Bioavailability and Ecotoxicity of Toxic Substances Found in Hazardous Waste Sites

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species.

Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment: biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species.

Biochemical and developmental effects of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls 126 and 153 in common tern chicks (Sterna hirundo)

Bioavailability of metals and arsenic to small mammals at a mining waste-contaminated wetland

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